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Background. Constant improvement of animal feed formulas calls for new raw materials. In the feeding of fish, one of diet recipe optimization methods is to search for feed protein sources alternative to fish meal. The presently reported study focuses on an unconventional protein source—the erythrocyte meal—for feeding fry of common carp. Materials and Methods. The barothermal method (extrusion) was applied for the formulation of experimental feeds prepared as isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. In the feeds tested, the erythrocyte meal was used as fish meal substitutes at different substitution levels (control diet C = 0%, E5 diet = 5%, E10 diet = 10%, and E15 diet = 15%). The feeds were evaluated on the basis of their physical and chemical characteristics. The feeding trial was carried out on the fry of carp (3.8 ± 0.1 g). The experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in an indoor fish tank facility in twelve 60-L flow-through aquaria. Each aquarium was stocked with 14 fish. In the final evaluation of the feeding tests, the following rearing effectiveness indices were used: food conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and survival rate (SR). The data obtained were statistically processed using Statistica computer software. Results. At the end of the experiment, the fish body weight from treatment C was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the weights of treatments E5 and E15. Significant body weight differences occurred also between treatments E5 and E15. Values of specific growth rate (SGR) depended on the type of applied feed. The minimal value (1.86% • d-1) was reached in treatment E15, while the maximal value (3.34% • d-1) was recorded in treatment C. The most favourable FCR and PER values were recorded for C feed and they differed significantly from the values obtained with other experimental feeds. The application of experimental feeds to carp resulted in an increase in dry matter content in all treatments, and total protein and fat in the fish bodies from groups C and E5. However, there was no change in body ash content at feeding trial. Conclusion. Experimental results showed that the erythrocyte meal addition at 5%, 10%, and 15% rate as replacement for 15% of fish meal did not improve the rearing parameters of common carp fry.
Present experiment was performed to study the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) and Nigella sativa (NS) on broiler performance, carcass and meat quality. Four treatment combinations were prepared: C - control group without any feed or water additive; E - drinking water intermittently supplemented with fermented juice of EP; N - feed supplemented with grounded seeds of NS, and EN - drinking water intermittently supplemented with EP and feed supplemented with NS. No significant treatment effect was observed on weight gain, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat percentage. Carcass yield in C and N groups was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in E. Significantly (P<0.05) higher breast percentage in group N was observed. Crude protein contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher in meat samples of C and EN groups. Grill losses were significantly (P<0.05) lower in E and cooking losses were significantly (P<0.05) higher in N treated birds. No significant treatment effect was observed on meat colour, electrical conductivity and shear force value.
The aim of study was to investigate the effect of yeast cell walls (mannanoligosaccharides - MOS) supplemented to a sow's diet on some blood parameters of sows and their piglets. The investigations were carried out in two experiments with two groups of 30 sows each. The sows of groups 1 and 3 (control) received the basal diet, groups 2 and 4 (MOS) - the same diets, supplemented with yeast cell walls preparation. The sow basal diet in experiment I contained 40% of wheat and in experiment II - 46% of triticale. The level of MOS supplementation (8 g per sow daily) was based on the manufacturer's recommendations. A total of 782 piglets were received. The piglets were weighed at birth and on days 14 and 28 of age. The health status of the piglets, their mortality rate from birth until weaning, and diarrhoea incidences were recorded daily. Blood plasma contents of total protein, uric acid, urea, selected mineral elements (Fe, Cu, Zn), total cholesterol, triacyloglycerol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, blood plasma activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aminotransferase alanine, aminotransferase aspartate, dehydrogenase lactate, phosphatase alkaline, and the level of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were determined. The addition of MOS to sows' diet increased the values of FRAP and contents of Fe and Cu in sows, and increased the activity of SOD and CAT, level of FRAP, and contents of urea and Fe and decreased the concentration of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in piglets. The receiving MOS supplement. The obtained results showed that the used indicators of the antioxidant system especially SOD, CAT, and FRAP, are very sensitive exponents of antioxidant status of swine. Species of grain (wheat or triticale) did not have any significant influence on the analysed sows' and piglets' blood parameters.
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