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Аn analysis was made of Collembola material acquired from 6 stations located on variously degraded hydrogenous soil. Degree of mucking and the type of peat conditioned the number of species, composition of dominants, abundance and biomass of Collembola community. Under extreme conditions reactions of the entire group were different. The obtained quantitative data seemed likely to have been affected by an overall state of soil fauna in the examined habitats.
In 1987-1989 studies were conducted on soil invertebrates occurring on meadows in the Biebrza river valley (Kuwasy), spreading on muck developed of peats of various origin and under different degree of transformation. There was recorded a pronounced differentiation of invertebrate density in successive years of studies and dependence of density on the amount and distribution of precipitation in a season. With regard to density of invertebrates two groups of habitats were distinguished, namely, a) located on soil developed of sedge-moss and moss-tall sedge peats and b) sedge- moss-alder and alder peats. As compared to the former group of habitats, fauna on meadows located of soil formed of alder peats was marked for a lower mean abundance and a lesser differentiation of large taxa (order) composition, a closer similarity of dynamics of seasonal changes, stranger dependence on precipitation. In the series of habitats of a progressing degree of soil transformation there was observed a tendency of changes in the system of trophic groups, i.e., a decrease in contribution of large groups of predators (Aranea, Staphylinidae, Formicidae) and an increase in contribution of phytophages (Elateridae). The two-group division of the examined habitats was also noted while analyzing physical properties of soil and its microbial activity. In the gradient of the examined habitats there were recorded correlations between the changes in physical properties of soil (x), microbiological activity (y) and density of soil invertebrate fauna (z), expressed by Kendall partial rank correlation coefficient.
Zanieczyszczenie gleby substancjami ropopochodnymi wpłynęło negatywnie na ilość odławianej fauny naziemnej. Spośród poszczególnych rodzajów zanieczyszczeń najmniej negatywnie na liczebność odłowów wpływała benzyna. Chrząszcze z rodziny biegaczowatych (Coleoptera, Carabidae) oraz błonkówki z rodziny mrówkowatych (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) najrzadziej odławiano do pułapek z gleby zanieczyszczonej olejem napędowym. Nie stwierdzono natomiast niekorzystnego wpływu substancji ropopochodnych na liczebność odławianych pajęczaków (Arachnida). Skażenie gleby substancjami ropopochodnymi spowodowało spadek patogeniczności nicieni owadobójczych w stosunku do owadów testowych oraz wpłynęło negatywnie na ich reprodukcję.
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Nematode communities of hydrogenic soils

75%
The studies were carried out on two areas being party of complex meadows established on drained fens. The soil in both areas originated from tall sedge peats was classified to semi arid complex ВС. The soil of these areas differed in some thermal and hydrous properties. One area was three years old meadow while the second was partly overgrown by one- year meadow and partly by stable fifteen-year meadow. On meadow one-year and three-year patches without seedlings were observed. The soil samples were taken in autumn and spring from five sites: one-year meadow turfed places, one-year meadow non-turfed, three-year turfed, three year non-turfed and fifteen-year meadow turfed. Hydrous and thermal properties affected the number of nematode communities to a greater degree than the age of meadow itself. Phytoeuparasites and parasaprobionts visibly were more numerous on turfed places in comparison to non-turfed. In almost all autumn samples parasaprobionts dominated. Percentage participation of phytoeuparasites was higher in autumn than in spring. The studied communities differed in species composition, Morisita index of similarity calculated for pairs was low. The withering of seedlings was not related to the occurrence of parasitic nematodes. The growth of grass was not inhibited even at high number of parasitic nematodes Paratylenchus nanus and Tylechorhynchus dubius.
The paper contains a list of 215 species of nematodes found in soils of various habitats of the primeval forest of Puszcza Białowieska. Among them 108 species are recorded from this area for the first time. The information about the habitats of the particular species is given.
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