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Meat quality of fattening pigs fed yellow lupin-based diets. The 30 crossbred pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc] were fattened in 3. phase fattening period. In their nutrition as a source of protein was used soybean meal (Group C) or soybean meal and seeds of yellow lupine in the amount of 7.5% (Group E1) and 15% (Group E2). After achieving body weight of about 117.5 kg animals were slaughtered. The samples of Musculus longissimus lumborum collected from all slaughtered pigs. Significant differences were found in drip loss percentage between groups C and E1 (P ≤0.05). As regards the fatty acids, there were lower proportions of C18:2 in group E1 vs C (P ≤0.05) and of C18:2 and C20:4 in group E2 vs C (P ≤0.01). Differences in PUFA percentage, PUFA/SFA ratio, and proportion of n-6 fatty acids were significant, with lower values of the traits in group E1 vs C (P ≤0.05) and in group E2 vs C (P ≤0.01), which shows that the dietetic value of pork has slightly deteriorated. The chemical composition and the physical parameters of the meat samples were normal and at a similar level in all the groups.
Enterotoxic capacities of 95 Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fattening pigs by the use of the suckling mouse bioassay were investigated. A positive result was received for 14 strains (14.74%), doubtful for 33 strains (34.74%), while the rest of 48 strains (50.52%) did not induce the production of enterotoxins. The received results show that in the pig population there are almost 15% of Yersinia enterocolitica strains, which are directly dangerous to public health because of their enterotoxic capacity. It is also worth paying attention to those strains, which in the suckling mouse bioassay provided doubtful results (around 35%) because their ability to produce enterotoxins was not explicitly declared as impossible.
The study has been taken up to collect more data on Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs as the main reservoir and source of infection with strains pathogenic for humans. Bacteriological examinations, bio- and serotyping were conducted on 616 rectal swabs, taken from 308 fattening pigs. Two samples were taken from each animal to determine the ability of Y. enterocolitica to grow under different temperature conditions (warm and cold culture). It has been proven that low temperature constitutes a suitable culture condition. 138 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were isolated (22.40%), most of which (65.22%) were obtained in cold culture and 99.28% included in biotype 3 (one strain belonged to biotype 2). Serotyping yielded a positive result in 107 strains with the diagnostic serum for antigen O:3, in 18 - with the serum for antigen O:9, and 13 strains were determined to be non-typable. The results indicated that asymptomatic infections with Y. enterocolitica strains of the biotypes and serotypes pathogenic for humans are common in pig population.
Modified fish meal (MFM) produced from liquid wastes obtained during commercial fish processing (with the addition of wheat bran) contains 25% of total protein and 24.5% of crude fat. The fattening pigs were fed MFM (10% of the content of mixture) from 30 kg to ca. 80 kg body weight, and next in the fattening phase from 80 to 100 kg, MFM was substituted for meat meal (group II) or extracted soybean meal (group III). The control group (I) was fed a mixture containing 5% of meat meal. The pigs when they reached about 100 kg were slaughtered and dissected (8 fatteners from each group). The samples of loin ( muscle longissimus) were taken for sensory and physicochemical assessment, including the analysis of dry matter, protein, fat and cholesterol content and also of fatty acids profile.
The study was conducted on 32 crossbred fatteners (Polish Landrace x Polish Large White) x Pietrain fed a feed containing 0 or 6% soybean oil after they reached 70 kg of body weight. The fatteners were slaughtered at 0, 12, 24 and 36 days after commencement of feed administration. Feed supplementation with soybean oil did not cause any significant differences in daily gains or feed conversion per 1 kg of live weight. After 24 days of feeding of the animals with feed containing soybean oil, highly statistically significant (P< 0.01) increase (3.0%) in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in backfat was noted, while after 36 days of the feeding, contribution of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to total content of fatty acids was significantly lower (6.0%) (P< 0.05) than the respective value at the beginning of the feeding. On the other hand, no significant changes were found in backfat fatty acid profile with respect to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of genes directly connected with pathogenicity in Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fattening pigs. Multiplex PCR, used for ystA, ystB, ystC, and ymoA gene detection, was optimised in order to determine the existence of the genes in one reaction. Material for the study consisted of 138 strains of Y. enterocolitica, which were preliminary examined by the bacteriological, sero- and biotyping methods, then bacterial DNA was isolated and multiplex PCR was performed. The presence of the products of length corresponding to the ystA and ymoA gene fragments was found in each of the examined strains. The ystB and ystC genes were not detected in any of the tested samples. The molecularly confirmed existence of Y. enterocolitica in fattening pigs indicates the carrier state and a possibility of shedding the microorganism into the environment, and shows that pigs are an important reservoir of the bacteria and a potential source of infection for humans.
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