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Changes in organic farming between 2004 and 2010 in relation to the support under the RDP 2004-2006 and RDP 2007-2013 organic farming schemes were presented in the paper. While analysing the changes, the reports on the state of organic farming in Poland published by MAFQI were used. The conducted analysis proves that introducing the support under the RDP 2004-2006 and RDP 2007-2013 resulted in high dynamics of organic farms area and amount growth. The support system under the RDP 2004-2006 and RDP 2007-2013 has been a basic factor stimulating the dynamic organic farming development since 2004. The system based on high payment rates has become an efficient financial instrument strengthening the organic farming attractiveness, which reflected in growth of its quantitative characteristics. Under the RDP 2004-2006, orchards with the highest payment rates and low requirements were more popular than the other crops, which reflected in the fact that they absorbed the biggest part of organic farming support. In turn, the revised payment rates under the RDP 2007-2013 resulted in positive changes in distribution of support quotas for particular crops, especially in growth of quotas paid for agricultural and vegetable crops. One can expect that the change of the rates may cause a growth of supply and improvement of assortment offer on organic food market in future.
The pollen stratigraphical and lithological data obtained from Lake Lasva, southern Estonia, are summarized. The land-use and vegetation history during the last 6300 years in an agricultural area with dense prehistoric setting is discussed. A high sedimentation rate and laminated structure of lake deposits enabled high-resolution palaeobotanical study of a 985 cm long core. Accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C dates show good linearity and fit well with varve counts. Up to ca 2900 years BP, birch, pine, spruce and broad-leaved species, later mostly birch, pine and alder, grew in that area. The first weak signs of human impact were traced at 6300 years BP. Human activities were more pronounced between 5400–5100 and 3800–3500 years ago, due to the foundation of Neolithic settlements not far from the lake. The first attempt of small-scale tillage, detected from the first finds of Triticum pollen, followed by a long-term gap, dates back to 5100 years BP. Crop cultivation (Cannabis, Hordeum, Triticum and Secale) became the main means of subsistence not until the Iron Age at about 1600–1400 years ago, but extensive arable farming started to develop 800 years ago, after the German crusaders invaded the area. Pollen diagrams display several setbacks in arable farming, mostly caused by crop failure due to climate deterioration and decrease in the population caused by famines, wars and epidemics.
The article presents a synthetic analysis of a project called: "Sheep" launched by self-govern­ment authorities of the Małopolska Region. It focuses on economic activation of mainly mountain areas through increasing sheep population and restoring sheep farming in the sub- regions where tradition of sheep keeping is still vivid whereas fodder base is utilized insuf­ficiently. The main concept in the project focuses on free of charge bestowal of sheep flock numbering 25 heads on a farmer with a view of its further development (with financial assistance) to a parent flock of about 100 heads.
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