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Principal components analysis is one of the modern mathematical-statistic methods and it enables the reduction and organization of the results in order to indicate important implicit features. In such an analysis the components, correlated with each other, are shown on the basis of the matrix correlation of many variables. The examined materials were femur heads of hip joints which had various degenerative-deforming changes and came from people who lived on the industrial area. The examined population of 103 femur heads came from 64 women and 39 men. The determination of the content of 12 metals in samples of femur heads was made using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) by the means of the Pye Unicam SP-9 in the flame acetylene-air. The principal components analysis in most examined groups showed that the first factor describes the change of the Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Na and Ca contents. Other main components emphasized variously the meaning of a given parameter. The results of PCA analysis are in accordance with the results of correlative analysis.
Niepołomice Forest is located about 20 kilometers east of Cracow (Małopolska province, southern Poland). Its natural and touristic values, as well as wide range of hosts occurring within indicate this to be an area of high risk of exposure to Ixodes ricinus and tick-borne diseases it transfers. I. ricinus is a common species in Poland and Europe. Its seasonal activity begins in Poland in the early spring, and ends with late autumn. A total number of 129 specimens of I. ricinus was collected by flagging in Niepołomice Forest. DNA was isolated by ammonia method from 30 randomly-selected individuals. PCR was used to detect tick-borne pathogens with primers specific for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Babesia sp. Molecular studies confirmed the presence of all three pathogens in I. ricinus. A. phagocytophilum was found in 76.7%, Babesia sp., 60%, B. burgdorferi s. l., in 3.3% of studied ticks. A. phagocytophilum co-infection with Babesia sp., was found in 46.7% of the specimens. A co-infection of all three tested pathogens was recorded in one case (3.3%). In Poland the problem of tick-borne diseases is a growing issue, therefore people residing in southern Polish touristic areas should be informed about the prevention and protection against ticks.
Among large husbandry animals, swine are the most predisposed to zearalenone (ZEA) intoxication, mainly because cereal is an important component of their diet. Studies performed so far (in vivo, in vitro) suggest that ZEA and its metabolites, which may appear due to ZEA biotransformation (especially α-zearalenole; α-ZOL), can modify signaling cascades of endogenous sex steroids, through either receptor or non-receptor mechanisms. Of all age groups of swine, immature gilts are particularly predisposed to zearalenone intoxication, as manifested by the occurrence of genital tract tissue dysfunction on exposure to ZEA. The intensity of the adverse effects observed at either systemic or local level in gilts, when compared to sexually mature swine females, suggest that specific age-dependent physiological conditions may exist, which determine the high sensitivity of gilts to exogenous estrogen-like compounds, including ZEA.
Background. Occupational factors have previously been mentioned as contributing to decreased kidney function and the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown cause. Sea salt workers are one of the occupations facing high outdoor temperatures and a highly, intensive workload. Objective. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the kidney function of sea salt workers at the beginning of the harvest season differs from kidney function at the end of the harvest season and to identify factors that can predict the change of kidney function. Material and methods. Data were collected from salt workers (n=50) who were between 18–60 years of age without hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease in Samut Sakhon province, Thailand. Urine specific gravity (USG) was used for hydration status and the estimated glomerular filter rate (eGFR) was used to measure kidney function. The mixed model was used to find differences over the harvest season and prediction of factors. Results. On average, the eGFR was estimated to decrease by 15.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 over the harvest season. The decline in eGFR of sea salt workers with moderate and heavy workloads were significantly faster than their light workload counterparts after controlling for other covariates. Similarly, dehydration (USG ≥ 1.030) significantly accelerated the rate of kidney function loss. Conclusions. Our study confirmed exposure to heat over the harvest season leads to decreased eGFR in sea salt workers. The rate of change of eGFR could be predicted by workload and hydration status. Workers with dehydration who performed medium to heavy workloads in farms showed faster kidney function decline than those who performed light workload.
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