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Introduction. In the human skin exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, melanogenesis occurs in two stages, accompanied by urinary excretion of Thormalen-positive melanogen (TPM). In Poland, no data are available on the course and intensity of melanogonesis in relation to UV exposure in an industrial region. Material and methods. The Thormalen test was used for the collected samples (N=136) as modified by Matous and Suchoń. Results. Maximum environmental TPM content (0.67 μg/dm3) was observed in August. Conclusion. The time of UV exposure and local type of solar radiation promote melanogenesis.
The distribution, excretion and metabolism of diethyl phthalate following a single i.p. administration to rats at the dose of 80 mg/kg was investigated using radiotracer 14C and GC-MS technique. The compound is fast taken up from the peritoneal cavity into the blood and is eliminated with urine (in the form of monoethyl phthalate), and through the bile (about 6%) - with faeces.
Phthalates are widely present in human environment. Widespead exposure to those agents, which are compounds of numerous daily use products, is unavoidable. In the current paper following phthalates benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), din- butyl phthalate (DBP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) are described. Phthalates mainly enter to the composition of plastic goods, like boxes and containers for storage of foods, toys, medical devices, and also cosmetics, personal care products, as well as paints, vanishes, printing inks. This paper describes the occurence of individual phthalates in the environment (water, air) and in different products. During production, transportation, manufacturing of goods and improper disposal, phthalates released into soil, water and air. For example indoor air included 13 mg/m3 phthalates, where 72 % of all constitutes DEP (2.29 mg/m3), BBP (3.97 mg/m3) and DEHP (2.43 mg/m3). Exposure to phthalates take place mainly by ingestion or inhalation air or through the skin. Presence of phthalates were observed in numerous food products and is connected with migration of those compounds from food storage containers to preserved food. They could mirgate to salivia during sucking and chewing of toys and this way increased exposure to of children. The results of studies regarding to concentration of phthalates in human tissues and excretions are also described. The level of phthalates were measured in numerous of human biological samples. For example, DEHP, DEP and DBP were detected at levels of 5.71 mg/L in blood serum, of 0.30 mg/L in semen and of 0.72 mg/kg in fat samples.
This study was conducted to evaluate the predictions of dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and faecal nitrogen (N) excretion by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System Version 6.1.26 (CNCPSv6) in China. A total of 71 bulls from two imported breeds, Limousin and Simmental, and three local breeds: Luxi, Jinnan and Qinchuan were selected in China. Data required by the CNCPSv6 model were collected, and model predictions were generated for animals of each breed. The regression equation between observed and predicted DMI for these cattle was: YOBS = 0.93XCNCPS + 0.48 (R2 = 0.94; P < 0.001), with an intercept not different from zero and a slope not different from unity. The proportion of deviation points lying within the range –0.4 to 0.4 kg · d–1 was 90.1%. The regression equation between observed and predicted ADG was: YOBS = 1.07XCNCPS – 0.05 (R2 = 0.92; P < 0.001), with an intercept not different from zero and a slope not different from unity. About 78.9% of points fell within the range –0.1 to 0.1 kg/d for these cattle. Model-predicted faecal N excretion for the cattle breeds was close to the observed values. The regression equation between observed and predicted faecal N excretion was: YOBS = 1.04XCNCPS – 1.48 (R2 = 0.94; P < 0.001), with an intercept not different from zero and a slope not different from unity. About 73.3% of the points fell within −4 and 4 g per day. These results show that the CNCPSv6 model using actual feed fractions can give good predictions of DMI, ADG and faecal N excretion with different beef cattle breeds in China.
W pracy zbadano rozmieszczanie narządowe, kinetykę zaniku z osocza i wydalanie 14C z moczem i kałem po jednorazowym podaniu [14C]-1-naftolu u szczurów. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że 1-naftol jest substancją o szybkim obrocie ustrojowym i w warunkach ekspozycji powtarzanej nie należy się spodziewać kumulacji tego związku w ustroju.
Melatonin (MT) exerts a beneficial action in the treatment of many diseases, among them also in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Its secretion decreases with age, particularly, in the postmenopausal period in women. It has not been determined whether these changes can have an impact on the clinical picture of IBS. The study aimed at evaluating the urinary excretion of the main MT metabolite - 6-hydroxymelatonin sulphate (6-HMS) in women at different age with IBS. The investigations were carried out in five groups of 30 women each. Group Ia (the controls) – premenopausal healthy women (20-39 years), group Ib (the controls) – postmenopausal healthy women (46-66 years), group II – women with constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C; 19-42 years), group III – women with diarrhoea predominant IBS (IBS-D; 20-39 years), group IV- women with IBS-C (49-68 years), group V – women with IBS-D (48-69 years). The diagnosis of IBS was based on the Rome III Criteria after excluding other diseases. On the day of the study the patients remained on the same liquid diet (Nutridrink – 3x400 ml) and 1500 ml of still mineral water. 6-HMS concentration in urine was measured by ELISA method applying IBL antibodies (RE-54031, Immunological Laboratories). The results showed that 24-hour urinary 6-HMS excretion in the studied premenopausal women were as follows: group Ia – 15.13±5.83 µg/24 h, group II – 28.85±12.59 µg/24 h (p<0,01), group III – 26.10±11.76 µg/24 h (p<0,01) and in the postmenopausal subjects they were: group Ib – 10.66±3.23 µg/24 h, group IV – 13.73±5.09 µg/24 h ((p=0,02), group V – 21.39±10.88 µg/24 h (p<0,01). In women with IBS-C the obtained results of 24-hour 6-HMS urinary excretion were independent on the intensity of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, in women with IBS-D, both in the group III and V, higher intensity of ailments was accompanied by significantly increased 6-HMS urinary excretion. The results of the study allowed drawing the following conclusions: (1). 24-hour 6-HMS urinary excretion in women with the constipation-predominant (IBS-C) as well as the diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) is higher than in healthy persons both in the premenopausal and postmenopausal period. (2). Relatively high 6-HMS urinary excretion in postmenopausal women with IBS-D indicates an adaptive increase in MT secretion from EC in the gut.
The urinary and faecal strontium outputs have been measured in healthy German adults all consuming a normal mixed diet. The results of this investigation showed that the faecal excretion (86%) is six times higher than the urinary (14%) for both men and women. The bioavailability of Sr from daily nutrition was found to be about 20%. The strontium balance was slightly positive for both sexes. Women excreted 2.1 and men 2.8 mg Sr per day, whereas the alimentary intakes were 2.4 and 3.0 mg Sr per day, respectively. All values were in good agreement with data from the literature.
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