Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 9

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  ewolucja gatunkow
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
3
72%
This paper discusses the evolutionary relations between fixed and varying traits. The first puzzle is, how did the fixed traits become fixed? In one scenario, after speciation establishes the independence of the daughter gene-pools, selection canalizes different traits in different species. In each clade, some still-variable traits coevolve with the canalized trait. This embeds the canalized trait in a network of interactions with other traits so that continued successful function depends upon that trait remaining canalized. Clade-specific constraints result because the canalized trait cannot now be changed without incurring costs too high to be paid in the fitness contributions of the other traits, and because the canalized trait is clade-specific. In another scenario, colonization of a new habitat, or evolution of a new stage in the life cycle, produces some ‘temporarily neutral traits’ that had been useful in the old habitat or life cycle. Those traits are then free to evolve for other purposes; some of them become incorporated in structures serving other functions than their ancestral homologues. The process is irreversible, for they cannot evolve back to their previous structures and functions without an unacceptable fitness cost. The second major puzzle is, do the fixed traits affect the further evolution of the traits that remain genetically variable, thus producing clade-specific patterns of response to selection? The impact of discontinuous growth on the expression of genetic variation in size-related traits in arthropods suggests that the answer is yes. Comparative, phylogenetic analysis of the impact of prior fixations on patterns of variation may also yield insights; potential problems are discussed.
The evolutionary importance of natural interspecific hybridisation is still an issue of debate. The application of molecular tools in population genetic studies unraveled that hybridization is more frequent than prevoiusly expected. It seems that 6-25% species hybridize, within both plants and animals, although the numbers given may represent substantial underestimate. It is still not resolved how many species is of hybrid origin. Due to the widespread of hybridization discovered, questions on its importance for ecology, evolution and conservation of species have to be re-examined. The controversy whether the hybrids are fit or unfit relative to their parents seems to be of major ecological importance. On the other hand, it has been proven that hybridization enhances speciation and diversification of species. The are two issues critical for the success and importance of hybridization: 1) the stability of genetical architecture after mixing of gene pools of the two different species, 2) the interplay between hybrid phenotype and environmental conditions. The hybridization may facilitate speciation due to transgressive segregation, increased phenotypic variation or phenotypic plasticity. Broad range of phenotypes allows natural selection to play upon it, and makes it more feasible to pick-up the most fit ones. Thus hybridization may be important mechanism for colonization of new environments, creating new ecological niches, or fastening evolutionary changes.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.