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The values of the evapotranspiration calculated by the energy balance method were compared with corresponding results obtained by means of the EVASU model. Experimental data were obtained during NOPEX - First Concentrated Field Effort (CFE1). The CFE1 was realized in May-June 1994 in Lövsta, Sweden. The investigated vegetation were grass, spring barley, rye and winter wheat. Taking into account the accuracy of the both compared methods used for calculation of the evapotranspiration, the obtained results can be considered as very close in the interval of evapotranspiration rates between values 0.1 mm h⁻¹ and 0.5 mm h⁻¹.
This paper presents a study on the evaporation of water from the surface in the area of the Lesser Pieniny Mts., determined on the basis of measurements at the climatic-lysimetric station in Jaworki. The evaporation of water from the surface is diversified in specific 10-day periods and months of the vegetation season, and the total for April-September was 334.1 mm. The quantity of evaporating water was lower than the measured reference evapotranspiration, assumed to be the evaporation of a well-watered, compact grassy sward, and lower than the reference evapotranspiration calculated in accordance with the Penman formula in French modification and the Penman-Monteith formula. In the area of the Lesser Pieniny Mts., the evaporation of water can be expressed as a function of the deficit of air humidity and – to a lesser extent – of air temperature. The seasonal plant coefficients kc determined on the basis of evaporation from open water surface Ew can be used successfully to determine the evapotranspiration of mountain grassland.
In the present study soil-water coefficients ksi were determined and evaluation of the influence of soil sucking pressure on the actual yield was carried out. Relations between these coefficients and soil sucking pressure in the root zone are used for the calculation of actual evapotranspiration or actual yield neglecting evaluation of the influence of evapotranspiration on yield.
The experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different irrigation water levels on yield and some quality parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Var. Longifolia cv.) under greenhouse conditions. Irrigation water was applied through drip irrigation method with 7 days interval during the total growing season. Irrigation treatments consisted of six different water levels (I1: non-irrigation, I2: 25 %, I3: 50 %, I4: 75 %, I5: 100 % and I6: 125 % of cumulative evaporation measured from Class A pan). The amount of irrigation water ranged between 0 and 106.3 mm among the treatments. Evapotranspiration (ET) values varied from 69.1 to 158.5 mm for the treatments. The highest yield was obtained from the I5 followed by I4. A significant polynomial relation (R2=0.77) was obtained between the yield and irrigation water, and linear relation (R2=0.99) was obtained between the yield and ET. This indicated that when irrigation water increased, yield also increased to a certain point. However, when the amount of irrigation water exceeded the plant water requirement, lettuce yield decreased. Yield response factor (Ky) was determined as 1.97. Since Ky ˃ 1, lettuce was very sensitive to water deficiency. In addition, the highest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were calculated in the I5 with 0.60 t ha.mm-1 and 0.96 t ha.mm-1 respectively. The best plant quality parameters which were plant weight (239.11 g), plant height (26.30 cm), plant diameter (44.82 cm), root weight (17.31 g), root length (9.02 cm), root diameter (10.04 cm) and leaf number (49) were also obtained in I5. As a result, it was suggested that I5 can be the most appropriate irrigation water level for lettuce with higher WUE, IWUE, yield and quality under greenhouse conditions.
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