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1

Structure, catalytic activity and evolutionary relationships of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, the key enzyme of ethylene synthesis in higher plants

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Jakubowicz M.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2002
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tom 49
|
nr 3
Both ethylene and the enzymes of ethylene synthesis are subjects of intensive scien­tific investigation. The present review discusses structure, catalytic activity and evo­lutionary relationships of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, identified for the first time in ripening tomato in 1979. This enzyme is responsible for the conver­sion of «S-adenosyl-L-methionine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which is the key step of ethylene synthesis in higher plants. The role of this enzyme (especially in the fruit ripening) was demonstrated in 1991 in transgenic tomato plants, express­ing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase antisense RNA. On the basis of mu- tagenesis and crystallization of the enzyme, new data were provided on the three-di­mensional structure and amino-acid residues which are critical for catalysis. The con­trol of ethylene production is of great interest for plant biotechnology because it can delay senescence and overmaturation. These processes are responsible for large loss of vegetables and fruit on storage. Detailed structural and biochemical data are neces­sary to help design 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase inhibitors, whose ap­plication is expected to have immense agricultural effects.
2

RFLP analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase ACC2 and ACC4 genes from Polish cultivars of tomato

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Jakubowicz M., Jolkowska J., Kwapiszewska G., Krecisz A., Czerski P.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2002
|
tom 49
|
nr 4
An important trait of tomato is the rate of fruit ripening, strongly dependent on eth- ylene production. The ripening-related ethylene synthesis in tomato is controlled mainly by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase LE-ACS2 and LE-ACS4 isoenzymes (Rottmann et al., 1991, J. Mol. Biol. 222: 937; Lincoln et al., 1993, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 19422; Barry etal, 2000, Plant Physiol. 123: 979). In spite of numerous reports on the LE-ACS2 and LE-ACS4 gene expression, only ones considered the genomic organisation each of these genes (Rottmann et al., 1991; Lincoln et al., 1993) reported one copy of each of these genes in tomato cv VF36. In this article we suggest that the genomic organisation of LE-ACS2 and LE-ACSS4 genes may depend on to­mato cultivars and may differ from that described by the above authors. The results of Southern analyses of genomic DNAs from 17-day old seedlings (cultivars Jaga, Halicz, Betalux, New Yorker) imply that the genomic organisation of LE-ACS2 and LE-ACS4 genes in Polish cultivars differs from that reported for cv VF36.
3

The effects of methionine and cobalt ions on sex expression and development of Anemia phyllitidis gametophytes

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Kazmierczak A.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2005
|
tom 27
|
nr 4A
One of the prime precursor for ethylene synthesis - L-methionine and the inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) - Co2+- were tested for their effects on sex expression and development of Anemia phyllitidis fern gametophytes. Five concentrations of both chemicals (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 μM) were analysed with reference to antheridia and archegonia formation, number and size of cells as well as thalli length using the three-zone model of gametophyte structure. Both substances, however at different concentrations, enhanced the number of GA3-induced antheridia and similarly stimulated the cell number and inhibited thalli length. Both of them at 100 μM concentrations without GA3 induced meristematic area formation while methionine also induced archegonia in the apical parts of gametophytes. These findings correspond with the previous observations concerning the important role of ethylene synthesis precursor (ACC) in controlling gibberellic acid-induced male sex expression in ferns and broaden the knowledge about the mechanisms of fern gametophyte development.
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