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Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 (pTd33) strain carrying uidA (GUS) reporter gene was used in model experiments on roseroot callus transformation. The T-DNA of pTd33 binary vector plasmid harbors nptII gene conferring resistance to kanamycin, and a uidA reporter gene, encodes the ß-glucuronidase enzyme. Roseroot seeds were sterilized and germinated on half strength MS media of which 70% germinated without any pretreatment. Calli were obtained from leaf segments of the in vitro grown seedlings. Calli was grown on solid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg l⁻¹ BAP. Different types of calli were obtained of which the green and compact type was chosen for transformation experiments. After co-cultivation with agrobacteria, calli were transferred to the same medium supplemented with 20 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin, 200 mg l⁻¹ carbenicillin and 300 mg l⁻¹ claforan with antioxidants (Polyclar and DTE) for selection. GUS test using a titron buffer was applied for monitoring the transformation of the calli. DNAs of 20 individual samples was extracted and subjected for PCR analysis proved the stable transformation in all of the taken samples by amplifying the nptII gene fragment. The method introduced here can be a tool for inserting and over-expressing the genes encoding for hypothesized enzymes to be involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important bioactive molecules of roseroot and therefore facilitating the applications for callus culture of roseroot in different bioreactor systems for pharmaceutical productions.
Bambusa balcooa.Roxb. is one of the most commercially important bamboo species. Some varieties of bamboo are being grown in the company’s green house. However this species is very rare and it was not cultured until now due to lack of demand and maintenance problems. In this work B. balcooa ex-plants have been established and propagated by the axillary shoot bud proliferation method. Earlier several works have been done on this plant and a protocol has been. This work emphasizes on effects of phytohormones at different concentrations and combinations upon the novel propagules that develop from the bamboo explants on placing them in multiplication media. The propagules placed in media containing cytokinins BAP (2 mg/L) and Kinetin (1 mg/L) exhibited best results of linear as well as radial growth. The other propagules in media with combinations of BAP, Kinetin and NAA were found to be dried out and did not depict noticeable growth. Comparatively next best growth pattern to the former was observed in control media that lacked phytohormones. This experiment was helpful in estimating the quantity and effect of particular plant growth regulating hormones on the Bambusa balcooa.Roxb.
This paper presents issues connected with operation of furniture clusters in EU with a special emphasis put on establishment of clusters in Poland. The paper also discusses potential created when enterprises form a cluster. Some case studies are given to provide a comparison between clusters operating in various European countries.
Background. This study was initiated by the first observations of a coastal and benthic Atlantic fish species—Parablennius pilicornis (Cuvier, 1829) on the southern coasts of France. This fish has been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea since 1963, until recently colonizing its entire western part as well as the Adriatic Italian coasts. The aim of this study is to analyse and understand the dynamics of this invasion of P. pilicornis and to report its most recent sightings along the Provencal coast, France. Materials and Methods. The data on the geographic distribution of P. pilicornis were either extracted from the relevant literature (majority of records) or contributed by the present authors. For the French coast, particularly the coast of Provence, the latter were data from underwater visual censuses, conducted during various studies or monitoring programs. The data were critically selected, organised, and analysed. Results. Two dispersal pathways seem to have been followed by P. pilicornis. The first follows the coast of Morocco, Algeria, and Italy. The second pathway goes through the Spanish and French coasts. The meeting point of these two ways may be located on the coast of Provence, where we lastly observed this species in 2006. The emergence of P. pilicornis in the Mediterranean Sea corresponds clearly to a marginal dispersal. Colonization of the western Mediterranean took 43 years. Conclusion. Since P. pilicornis is already present on the Italian coast of the Adriatic Sea, the colonization of the eastern Mediterranean seems imminent. Global change, including rising temperatures, seem to be a factor promoting the repartition area of this fish with tropical affinities.
В современной защите растений критерием химической борьбы с сорняками должны быть пороги биологической и экономической вредности определенных видов и целого сообществ. В статье, на основании доказательного материала полученного и микроделяночных и полевых овытах установлена изменчивость этих величин по отношению к таким факторам, как: вид сорняка и его соперническая сила, пространственное распределение растений в поле, сорт, соперническая способность и уровень урожаев культурного растения, а также почвенные условия среды.
Small growers perform in fruit and vegetable sector in Lithuania, they cant compete individually. The co-operation in this sector is poor, and performing cooperatives can't significantly influence the market. There is no one PO or tentative recognised group of producers in Lithuania, though this situation makes the preconditions for co-operation development to growers. This paper helps to dispute the role of PO and make the patterns, which could appear under consolidation of growers. The recommendations cover the functioning agricultural cooperatives in Lithuania which can become a fundamental impulse to create 1-2 vegetable and severatives in Lithuania which can become a fundamental impulse to create 1-2 vegetable and several fruit PO.
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