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Changes of epicuticular wax induced by enhanced UV-B radiation impact on gas exchange in Brassica napus

100%

Ni Y., Xia R., Li J.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2014

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tom 36

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nr 09

The epicuticular wax covering on plant surface plays important roles in protecting plants against UV radiation. However, the role of epicuticular wax in affecting leaf gas exchange under enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation remains obscure. In the present study, different aged leaves of Brassica napus were used to analyze the responses of crystal structure and chemical constituents of epicuticular wax to UV-B radiation and the effects of such responses on gas exchange indices. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly decreased the amount of esters in all leaves except the first leaf, amount of secondary alcohols in the second, third and fourth leaves, and amount of primary alcohols in the second and third leaves, while increased the amounts of ketones and aldehydes in the first leaf. Enhanced UV-B level had no significant effect on the amounts of alkanes and total wax in all leaves. Exposure to UV-B radiation resulted in wax fusion on adaxial leaf and stomata opening on abaxial leaf. Fusions of plates and rods on adaxial leaf surface covered most of the stomata, thereby influencing the photosynthesis in the upper mesophyll of leaves. Enhanced UV-B level significantly reduced the net photosynthesis rate (PN) but increased the stomata conductance (gₛ), concentrations of intercellular CO₂ (Cᵢ), and transpiration rate (E) in all leaves. Both UV-B radiation and the wax fusion induced by enhanced UV-B radiation resulted in different stomata status on abaxial and adaxial leaf surface, causing decrease of PN, and increase of gₛ, Cᵢ and E in leaves.

2

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A correlation by chemometric methods of Solanum tuberosum epicuticular wax components and plant infestation with Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]

86%

Szafranek B., Synak E., Nawrot J., Malinski E., Szafranek J.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2002

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tom 42

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nr 3

3

Separations of epicuticular waxes from potato leaves and bean seeds by high performance liquid chromatography using light-scattering detector

86%

Szafranek B., Synak E., Szafranek J.

Herba Polonica

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2004

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tom 50

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nr 3-4

Most epicuticular waxes require an initial fractionation into lipid classes prior to the further analysis. Using a silica gel column and a light-scattering detector (LSD), we developed an HPLC method to analyse and fractionate epicuticular waxes from Solanum tuberosum leaves and Plmseolus vulgaris seeds. Applying HPLC-LSD with ternary gradient clearly revealed the major peaks in potato waxes, which consist of alkanes in the C25-Cl3 range, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, wax esters (Cj(i-C54), aldehydes (C24-C32), 2-ketones (C25-C33), 2-alkanols (C23-C!0), fatty acids (Cl6-C32), 1-alkanols (C22-C33), sterols, diols and liydroxyacids. The bean seed waxes contain n-alkanes (C25-C33), squalene, wax esters (C37-C58), fatty acids (C22-C32), 1-alkanols (CH-C35), sterols and triterpene alcohols.

4

Effect of epicuticular waxes from triticale on the feeding behaviour and mortality of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

72%

Wojcicka A.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2016

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tom 56

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nr 1

Surface waxes from wax-covered triticale plants (RAH 122) were sprayed on plants of the waxless genotype RAH 366 or the surface waxes were used to make artificial diet preparations. The results were significant increases in the mortality of apterous adults of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at all concentrations tested in comparison with those aphids which fed on the control plants or aphids which were reared on the diets. In the choice tests, most aphids settled on plants without surface waxes or on diet preparations which did not have surface waxes (the controls). When the concentration of the surface waxes was increased on one of the plants or surface waxes were increased in the diet preparation, the number of wandering aphids increased. Those aphids which did not wander were mainly on the waxless control plants or on the waxless diet preparations. Aphids did settle on those plants or on the diet preparations which had 100 and 1,000 μg · g–1 of surface wax. The aphids rarely settled on the diet preparations containing 10,000 μg ∙ g–1 of surface waxes. From these observations it appears that surface waxes can act as a feeding deterrent. Since aphids on plants with surface waxes, or aphids which settled on diet preparations with surface waxes, started to die earlier than aphids fed only the control plants or the control diet preparations, it is possible that the surface waxes had a toxic effect that led to early mortality. Thus, it can be said that the surface waxes caused feeding deterrence and had a toxic effect on the aphids.

5

Importance of epicuticular wax cover for plant-insect interactions: experiment with cereal aphids

72%

Wojcicka A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 1

The epicuticular wax is the contact point between plants and the environment and plays a crucial role in mediating biotic and abiotic interactions. The associations between the content of epicuticular waxes, on surface plants of winter triticale with their acceptance by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and bird cherry -oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were studied. In general, waxy genotype DED 1137 of winter triticale was less accepted by the cereal aphids than the wax less one (RAH 366). The waxy genotype decreased density of cereal aphids, prolonged maturity and decreased fecundity. Moreover, the comparison of abundance, development and fecundity of the aphid species on the triticale genotypes proved that tested genotypes differed in susceptibility to Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. The importance of the epicuticular wax compounds in the acceptance of plants by the aphids is discussed. The results indicated that aphids fed on waxy plants showed longer time of the prereproductive period and much lower total fecundity. Furthermore, waxy genotype reduced value of the cumulative aphid index and percentage of infested plants.

6

Sequences of epicuticular wax structures along stems in four selected tree species

72%

Tomaszewski D., Zielinski J.

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation

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2014

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tom 35

7

Comparative SEM investigations of the abaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus cerris L. var. cerris Loud. and Quercus cerris L. var.austriaca [Willd.] Loud. from Croatia

72%

Bacic T.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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1997

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tom 39

The study involved screening and SEM analysis of the micromorphological features of the abaxial leaf surface of ordinary epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes of two varieties of Quercus cerris L. The results indicated features distinguishing the two varieties: in var. austriaca the wax is present as crystalloids in the form of simple platelets, while in var. cerris the wax appears as a smooth layer. Moreover, the results point to some special characteristics of Q. cerris in relation to other Quercus species. The approximately square, not ellipsoid, shape of the peristomatal rims is typical of the species Q. cerris L.

8

Relationship between selected morphological, anatomical and cytological characteristics of leaves and the level of tolerance to herbicides in strawberry cultivars

72%

Lisek J., Habdas H., Gawronski S. W.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2002

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tom 24

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nr 4

9

Note on use of some micro-morphological features in distinction of three pubescent oaks in Croatia

58%

Bacic T.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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1996

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tom 38

The abaxial epidermis of pubescent oaks, Quercus brachyphylla Kotschy, Quercus dalmatica Radić and Quercus pubescens Willd., was studied with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Micro-morphological features (surface of trichomes, stomata, ordinary epidermal cells and wax) do not permit to distinguish the three oaks species. Nevertheless, the difference among the taxa exist in leaf phenology and time of appearance and rate of degradation of epicuticular wax crystalloids. Alteration of wax crystalloids into amorphous wax is interpreted in favour of natural phenomenon of the wax ageing and degradation.

10

Fluoride content and epicuticular wax condition in pedunculate oak tree [Quercus robur L.] leaves

58%

Rosa J., Bacic T.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2000

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tom 42

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nr 1

Fluoride content and epicuticular wax condition in pedunculate oak tree leaves from a natural forest near a phosphogypsum dump and from a planted stand 2 km away from the dump (control) were investigated. The study indicated considerable differences in these parameters between the two localities. Increased fluoride content, accompanied by earlier and accelerated degradation of epicuticular crystalline wax on the stomatal rim of abaxial epidermis was observed in leaves from the first locality, and the most advanced stage of wax degradation was recorded only in the leaves from this site. The accelerated alterations are interpreted as possible negative effects of fluorides.

11

Fine structure of the fruit surface of seven apple cultivars

44%

Wojcik P., Dyki B., Cieslinski G.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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1997

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tom 05

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nr 3-4

12

Wpływ wosków epikutykularnych pszenżyta ozimego na liczebność mszyc

37%

Wojcicka A., Lukasik I., Sempruch C., Golawska S., Warzecha R.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 2

The purpose of the research was to assess the number of aphids in two different winter triticale genotypes. The effect of winter triticale genotypes mixtures was determined on the base of aphids’ number and percentage of infested plants. Field observations were performed on IHAR Radzików experimental plots in two seasons (2008 and 2009). The results presented here suggested that the aphid number and number of infested plants in mixture were lower than in pure stands. Waxy genotype (RAH 116−3/90) was more resistant to the cereal aphids than the wax-less genotype RAH 325/95. In addition, Sitobion avenae showed a higher level of studied population parameters then Rhopalosiphum padi on the triticale genotypes.

Ograniczanie wyników

Changes of epicuticular wax induced by enhanced UV-B radiation impact on gas exchange in Brassica napus

A correlation by chemometric methods of Solanum tuberosum epicuticular wax components and plant infestation with Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]

Separations of epicuticular waxes from potato leaves and bean seeds by high performance liquid chromatography using light-scattering detector

Effect of epicuticular waxes from triticale on the feeding behaviour and mortality of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Importance of epicuticular wax cover for plant-insect interactions: experiment with cereal aphids

Sequences of epicuticular wax structures along stems in four selected tree species

Comparative SEM investigations of the abaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus cerris L. var. cerris Loud. and Quercus cerris L. var.austriaca [Willd.] Loud. from Croatia

Relationship between selected morphological, anatomical and cytological characteristics of leaves and the level of tolerance to herbicides in strawberry cultivars

Note on use of some micro-morphological features in distinction of three pubescent oaks in Croatia

Fluoride content and epicuticular wax condition in pedunculate oak tree [Quercus robur L.] leaves

Fine structure of the fruit surface of seven apple cultivars

Wpływ wosków epikutykularnych pszenżyta ozimego na liczebność mszyc