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The aim of the experiments was to determine the influence of the addition of herbs to the diets on the total protein content and the activity of the digestive enzymes in broiler chickens. The experiments were carried out on 210 Ross broiler chickens (in the period from 1st to 42nd day) randomly divided into 7 groups: control and 6 experimental. The experimental chickens were fed on a diet with a 2% addition of the following: hops (gr. I), linden (gr. II), melissa (gr. III), pansy (gr. IV), peppermint (gr. V), urtica (gr. VI). At the 42nd day, 10 chickens (5 males and 5 females) were chosen from each group which had a body weight closest to the average of particular group. The body weight (g) and, after slaughter, also relative liver weight (g/100 BW) and abdominal fat content (% of BW) were examined. The percentage of breast, thigh and shank muscles were examined. The proventriculus was isolated and mucosa membrane was removed from them. After homogenization of the mucosa membrane the total proteolitic activity and total content of proteins in it were analyzed. The highest body weight was determined in chickens receiving an addition of urtica. However, the addition of linden caused a 20% reduction of body weight in males and 11% in females. Considerably lower body weight was also observed in males fed on the diet with hops. The addition of hops caused an increase of liver weight and abdominal fat content. A statistically considerable increase of the total protein content in the mucosa membrane of the proventriculus in groups fed on the diets with linden, melissa, pansy, peppermint and urtica was observed. The analysis of the proteolitical activity of the mucosa membrane indicated its considerable decrease in chickens of both sexes when the diet was enriched by the addition of linden, melissa, pansy, peppermint and in females fed on a mixture with the addition of hops and urtica.
The article is a review of the results of investigations concerning digestive enzymes of warble flies (Hypoderma lineatum, H. bovis), called hypodermines. Special attention was paid to their antigenic, immungenic and immunosuppressing properties and the relation of these features with enzymatic properties. It was proved that the elimination of the enzymatic activity of hypodermines may increase their immunogenicity, which opend opportunities for creating more effective vaccines against hypodermosis.
Hybrid chickens Astra S fed vitamin A deficiency diet containing 11 or 19% protein were infected with 500 invasive eggs of Ascaridia galli. One part of them received vitamin A in a dose corresponding to daily requirement, other part in double dose. After 7 weeks the extensity and intensity of ascaridiosis were determined. In pancreas and intestinal contents the activities of alpha-amylase, lipase and trypsin were measured. The invasion index was the highest in the group of chickens fed the protein and vitamin A deficiency diet. Vitamin A in a requirement dose lowered the parasite index. The results with double dose of vitamin A were worse in comparison with single dose. The activities of digestive enzymes were lower in infected animals than in the control groups. Vitamin A acted as moderator of the enzymatic changes during ascaridiosis.
The effect of eight anthelmintics (Rintal, Fenbesan, Telmin, Banminth, Pyrantel, Nilverm, Levamisol and Bioscardina) on the α- and γ-amylases, trypsin, and lipase from pig's pancreas and gut of Ascaris suum was determined. In extracts from A. suum gut also the maltase, trehalase and saccharase activities were examined. All drugs tested did not influence on the host's α-amylase. Telmin and Bioscardina were inhibitors of γ-amylase, Rintal and Telmin - of trypsin, Fenbesan and Bioscardina - of lipase from pig's pancreas. Among the parasite's enzymes the lipase was the most sensitive. Its activity was decreased (35-60%) by Telmin, Nilverm and both pyrantel derivatives. The activity of maltase and trehalase was reduced by Levamisol and Banminth, that of saccharase by Levamisol. It is concluded that the anthelmintics Levamisol and Banminth seemed the most efficient among the tested drugs because they did not alter the activity of host's enzymes and, showed the inhibitory effect on three of parasite's enzymes.
The studies were carried out on twenty newborn piglets. They were divided into four groups. The groups no 3 and no 4 were given intragastric 0.18% HCl from the 3th day of experiment. The groups no 2 and no 4 were infected on the 7th day with 10000 invasive eggs of Ascaris suum. The presence of A.suum larvae in the lungs and liver was examined after one week lasting invasion by BAERMANN rnethod. The total acidity in the gastric content was measured. The activity of alpha-amylase, lipase and proteases was determined in the extracts from pancreas and in the contents of stomach, duodenum and jejunum. The level of pepsinogens and alpha-amylase in the animals serum was studied. The intensity of Ascaris invasion was slightly higher in the group which was given HCl than in the infected group without HCl. The activity of digestive enzymes in the both groups was similar. Only in the stomach content from the 4th group the activity of pepsin was higher (p<0.05), and alpha-amylase and lipase were lower (p <0.01) than in the 2nd and in the 3th group. The level of pepsinogens was always lower and alpha-amylase higher in the serum of infected animals than in uninfected groups.
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