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Products prepared from animal blood intended for human consumption and collected in accordance with GHP rules are considered as of high nutritional value for their use for food purposes. The properties of a globin protein prepared from red cell fraction by an enzymatic method were studied. The efficiency of process as well as functional and nutritional characteristics of hydrolysates were evaluated. Liquid preparation obtained commercially from a culture of Bacillus subtilis contained a complex of proteolytic and some amylolitic enzymes was used in the experiment. Both, time of hydrolysis (6-48 h) and enzyme concentration significantly affected the degree of decolouration of red cell fraction and all properties of preparations obtained. The preparations demonstrated various molecular weight composition. The extinction of some hydrolysates at 540 nm was lower than 0.05. When compared with spray dried blood plasma or sodium caseinate, the globin preparation obtained under chosen conditions (18 h of hydrolysis, 10 ml of enzyme solution per 100 g of red cells) and freeze dried showed good solubility. Having very good emulsifying and foaming properties, the examined preparations indicate the potential as a valuable agent for incorporation into food formulations.
The use of pullulanase preparation was checked as a method to obtain long unbranched glucans from native starch. Different starch sources as well as various solubilisation procedures were tried in order to choose the optimal one. Dissolving in NaOH proved to be suitable for all starch sources, while autoclave should be avoided in case of cereal starches. Potato starch gave clear solutions irrespective of solubilisation method, which were highly susceptible to enzymatic attack. Basing on the results obtained by size exclusion chromatography it was concluded that the time of incubation with the enzyme needed to completely degrade amylopectin molecules is short in comparison to the time needed to hydrolyse all available glycosidic bonds.
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