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Every member country of the European Union has to prepare current eradication programs of bovine leukaemia that will enable the elimination of the disease from infected herds. At the end of the year 2005 in Poland more than 20 000 cattle were infected with BLV, that were not bought and paid by Veterinary Inspection because of the lack of financial resources. Such a situation has been observed for years. Without the realisation of the elimination from the market of serologically positive animals it makes no sense to continue the field of research and bovine leukaemia eradication programs. Furthermore it is against the rules and directives referring to BLV eradication. However there is a possibility of a partial refund of invested sources from the European Commission, under the condition of own financial sources guarantied by the Ministry Council. With a sufficient level of budgetary financial support, initially 6 of the 16 voivodeships in Poland could become free from BLV infections. With own financial support and EU funds the eradication program of bovine leukaemia in Poland can last for about 4-5 years.
On the basis of post-slaughter examinations there was assessed the dynamics of the nodular form of enzootic bovine leukaemia (EBL) occurrence in the Lower Salesia region in 1960—1974 and its distribution in Poland in 1984. There was paid attention to the reasons of EBL spreading, the percentage of infections in large-scale cowsheds, the relationship between the age of animals and the degree of a herd infection, and some problems associated with the control of the disease. In 36 large-scale cowsheds there were assessed 4499 cows using the AGID test. The index of infection in individual herds ranged from 12 to 82%. The process of cowsheds recovery was based on the healthy system of calves and heifers breeding. Calves, fed colostrum taken from their own mothers, were separated from udalt cows and fed milk-replacement liquids. The first serological assessments were performed in calves aged 4 months, that permitted for a quick elimination of infected animals. Consecutive examinations were carried out every 4 months until the recevery of a herd was stated.
Serological studies were carried out using two kinds of antigens i.e. BLV and BLV plus parainfluenza virus (PI3) propagated in FLK cells. Out of 38 cattle sera sixteen (42.2 per cent) produced positive results with the BLV antigen and 31 (81.6 per cent) with the mixed antigen. The findings showed that with the mixed antigen the positive results rose by 39.4.
The purpose of the work was to assess the results of relieving cows from bovine enzootic leukaemia taking into account some laboratory tests, ie agar gel diffusion test, ELISA and syncytial test. In the Wrocław district immunodiffusion testing was introduced to standard practice in 1982. Up to 1990 only a small number of animals (9-14%) were evaluated for leukaemia and the percentage of positive seroreactions ranged from 27-7%. The process of the spreading of the EBL virus at that time was significant and was confirmed by positive results of the virus isolation from the peripheral blood of cows and calves coming from herds being treated for enzootic leukaemia. In 1991-1995 mass serological examinations involved the majority of cattle and the percentage of positive results declined to 5.8% in 1991 and 1.67% in 1995. In light of the findings the best results were obtained when the serological tests were introduced as obligatory ones and the cost of the studies were covered by Ministry of Agriculture.
The seroneutralization test based on the inhibition of syncytial effect (SN-ST) turned out to be very useful in the serological diagnostics of enzootic bovine leukaemia. The mean coefficient value of the SN-ST for positive sera (ELISA titer from 200 to 3200) was 0.1, for doubtful (ELISA = 100) - 0.52 and for negative sera 0.94. In case of negative serum the multinuclear cells (syncytium) were very large and numerous and with 85 to 100 nuclei; for doubtful sera they were small, scarce and with 25 to 30 nuclei. No syncytia were observed with the presence of negative sera. The time of incubation of BLV with positive sera played a very important role in the process of seroneutralization. The best results of SN-ST, which corresponded to the ELISA, were found after two hours of neutralization.
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