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The aim of these studies was to determine the performances of five commercial ELISA kits in the detection of BLV antibodies in serum samples. Different variants of ELI SA methods (indirect, blocking and double-well) were employed for these kits. Comparative investigations using 428 serum samples showed 418 consistent results (97.7%). Ten results (2.3%) proved to be inconsistent including 7 (1.6%) results which were totally different. The cause of these divergences in serological tests are discussed.
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the polymorphism of the ALA gene and the size of lymphocyte subpopulation expression of viral protein in cows naturally infected with bovine leukaemia virus. The studies were performed on a population of 97 Black-and-White breed cows, aged 3-8 years, from three large herds. The cows were examined three times in monthly intervals beginning from the second half of the first month after calving. Enzootic bovine leukosis diagnosis was based on the identification of p24 viral protein in the lymphocytes of the examined animals and on the white blood cell counts. The fluorescent antibody technique was used to detect p24 protein in the B (B-B2) and T CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. The ALA gene polymorphism at the - 1689 position was assayed with the PCR-RFLP/Sdu I method. It was found that the ALA gene polymorphism differentiated the size of subpopulations of B-B2 lymphocytes and the T CD4+ lymphocytes expressing the p24 protein. This protein was more frequently registered in the B-B2 lymphocytes and in the T CD4+ and CD8 lymphocytes in cows with persistent lymphocytosis than in cows with the aleukaemic form.
The applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of proviral DNA of BLV in newborn calves was tested. Out of 22 calves from BLV infected mothers, studied during first 3 weeks after birth, 13 were serologically positive by ELISA. However, only 3 calves were positive for BL V provirus in their blood leukocytes’ DNA. Since the serological test can not discriminate active infection from colostral immunity, detection of proviral DNA by PCR could be recommended for early diagnosis of BLV in newborn calves.
The study was performed on 60 Holstein-Friesian cows and 41 heifers. The results on the comparison of the efficacy of an ELISA and fluorescent antibody test (FAT) in the diagnosis of bovine leukosis, indicated that the FAT technique enables the identification of a greater number of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) carriers than the ELISA, thus suggesting that the FAT may be more useful than the ELISA for diagnosis of BLV infection.
The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope gene encoding extracellular glycoprotein gp51 and transmembrane glycoprotein gp30 was cloned into a vehicle expression vector under the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) intermediate early promoter. The intramuscular injection of this plasmid vector generated a cellular immune response. Seven out of ten cows vaccinated with the DNA construct resisted a drastic challenge (500 BLV-infected lymphocytes as an infectious dose).
The expression of metallothionein (MT) was investigated immunohistochemically in the cells of total blood smears of cows infected with bovine leukemia virus, smears from in vitro culture of1 leukemic lymphocyte and in histological preparations of leukemic affected lymph nodes. In the blood smears cells and in -vitrtréulture lymphocytes, MT, was localized under cellular membrane in the form of fine granules. This protein is absorbed by cells from blood plasma via diffusion. In histopathological preparations, MT was localized in dendrytic and reticulum cells, but it was absent in leukemic lymphocytes. This finding suggests that MT expression depends on the type and function of the lymphocytic series cells.
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