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Endotoxin tolerance in horses - clinical observations

100%

Krumrych W., Dabrowska J., Danek J., Soszynski D.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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1998

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tom 42

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nr 2

The studies aimed to induce endotoxin tolerance in horses and to evaluate this state with regard to clinical observations. Investigations involved 8 clinically healthy mares subjected to 4 iv. injections with 0.1 μg/kg b.w. doses of LPS from E. coli each; the three fast doses (LPS-1, LPS-2, and LPS-3) were given daily whereas the fourth injection (LPS-4) was performed one week after LPS-3. Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates were measured before LPS administration and 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 5 h, and 7 h thereafter. The first dose of endotoxin produced a rise in body temperature by 0.8°C after 2 h. However, the consecutive injections weakened temperature response which indicated stimulation of an early-type pyrogenic tolerance. Statistically significant differences between the LPS-1 and LPS-2 responses were found 1 h and 2 h after injection. The administration of LPS-4 produced less visible body temperature alterations suggesting tolerance attenuation after 7 days. Mean respiratory and heart rates were the highest after LPS-1 but no significant differences after subsequent injections were found.

2

NADPH-diaphorase in porcine uterus after infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin

100%

Jana B., Andronowska A., Kucharski J., Skwarski R.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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1999

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tom 37

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nr 2

3

Level of interleukin-1beta and clinical signs after endotoxin injection in stallions

88%

Danek J.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2002

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tom 46

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nr 2

4

Central and peripheral neural aspects of gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of lipopolysaccharides

88%

Konturek P. C., Brzozowski T., Meixner H., Ptak A., Hahn E. G., Konturek S. J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2001

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tom 52

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nr 4,1

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-- negative bacteria playing a central role as potent endotoxins in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock. Although large amounts of endotoxin may produce hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach, the possible gastroprotective effect of central or peripheral LPS against the acute gastric lesions has not been extensively studied. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and parenteral (i.p.) injection of LPS against gastric lesions induced by 100% ethanol. Male Wistar rats were treated either with a) vehicle (control); b) E-coli-LPS in various concentrations (1—10 µg/kg i.c.v or 0.1—40 mg/kg i.p.) followed 30 min later by 100% ethanol. The effects of pretreatment with nonselective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME, 20 mg/kg i.g.) or selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, L-NIL (30 mg/kg i.g) on the gastroprotection induced by LPS was investigated. One hour after ethanol application, the gastric blood flow (GBF) and the area of gastric lesions were determined. In addition, the mucosal expression of iNOS, cNOS and leptin was assessed using RT-PCR. LPS applied i.c.v. or i.p. dose dependently reduced gastric lesions induced by ethanol and this effect was similar to that observed after the administration of NO donor (SNAP). LPS-induced protection was significantly abolished by L-NAME and significantly attenuated by the selective inhibitor of iNOS (L-NIL). The expression of cNOS was detected in vehicle treated gastric mucosa and did not change after LPS administration. iNOS was not detectable in intact mucosa but its expression dose-dependently increased after the LPS administration. The i.c.v. administration of LPS did not upregulate further the iNOS expression, and dose-dependently inhibited the leptin mRNA expression in gastric mucosa. We conclude that LPS applied centrally or peripherally protects gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced damage through an increase in gastric microcirculation mediated by NO due to overexpression of iNOS. Transcriptional downregulation of leptin in gastric mucosa is probably due to the increased leptin release induced by the intracerebroventricular application of lipopolysaccharide.

5

Preparation of endotoxin-free bacteriophages

88%

Boratynski J., Syper D., Weber-Dabrowska B., Lusiak-Szelachowska M., Pozniak G., Gorski A.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2004

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tom 09

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nr 2

Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses that interact with bacterial walls and invade bacterial cells. Moreover, they disturb bacterial metabolism and lead to bacteria lysis. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria crude phage cultures, apart from the phages themselves, the bacterial debris, bacterial proteins and nucleic acids contain endotoxins. These endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) posses a high degree of toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and their removal is essential for safety in antibacterial bacteriophage therapy. An effective, scaleable purification of bacteriophages from endotoxins was accomplished by sequential ultrafiltration through polysulfone membrane (30 nm) followed by chromatography on sepharose 4B and Matrex Cellulofine Sulfate. The phage fraction after gel filtration chromatography routinely contained endotoxins in the 150-2500 EU/mL range. The procedure yielded bacteriophages contaminated with as little as 0.4-7 EU/ml (Limulus assay). This value lies within the permitted level for intravenous applications (5 EU/kg/h by European Pharmacopoeia, 1997)

6

Importance of sampling, extraction and preservation for the quantitation of biologically active endotoxin

88%

Laitinen S. K.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1999

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tom 06

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nr 1

7

Endotoxin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in rabbits: contribution of neuropeptides

75%

Marek W., Ozyurt M., Potthast J., Mensing T.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2008

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tom 59

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nr 6

421-432

8

Bacterial contamination of indoor air, surfaces, and settled dust, and related dust endotoxin concentrations in healthy office buildings

75%

Bouillard L., Michel O., Dramaix M., Devleeschouwer M.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2005

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tom 12

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nr 2

187-192

Endotoxin, a characteristic external fraction of the outer membrane from Gram-negative bacteria, continuously shed into the environment, is considered as an important risk factor for human health. Our purpose was to study the bacterial species contaminating healthy working environments. Airborne, working surfaces and carpet dust samples were collected from 25 offices. Bacterial species were identified with biochemical ApiSystem® strips. Endotoxin concentrations in settled dust were measured with the kinetic chromogenic Limulus assay. The airborne bacterial level varied from 44-2,511, with a median of 277 cfu/m3. Bacterial contamination on surfaces ranged from 1-1000, with 33 cfu/25 cm2 as median value. On carpets, bacterial concentration ranged from 0.73-185 x 105 cfu/g, with 7.28 x 105 cfu/g as median value. Endotoxin concentration varied from 4.6-116.2 EU/mg, with a median of 20.3 EU/mg. Altogether, 501 bacterial strains were isolated. The species variability was greater in Gram-negative bacteria than in Gram-positive cocci with 41 versus 34 various species. In conclusion, people working in healthy offices can be exposed to large concentrations of airborne and dust bacteria and related endotoxin concentrations, giving a risk of work-related diseases.

9

Emigration and accumulation of PMN-leukocytes induced by endotoxin, interleukin 1 and other chemotactic substances

75%

Movat H. Z., Cybulsky M. I., Golditz I. G.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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1986

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tom 24

|

nr 2

10

Endotoxin elimination in patients with septic shock: an observation study

75%

Adamik B., Zielinski S., Smiechowicz J., Kubler A.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2015

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tom 63

|

nr 6

11

Endotoxin levels as a potential marker of concentration of Gram-negative bacteria in water effluent from dental units and dental aerosols

75%

Szymanska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2005

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tom 12

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nr 2

229-232

Gram-negative bacteria concentration in water effluent from a dental unit, and in dental aerosol forming during the work of a dental handpiece, was assessed. The study was conducted on 25 dental units before and after a 2-week period of using a disinfecntant for water in dental units waterlines (DUWL). The contamination of water with Gram-negative bacteria before disinfection was 18-398 x 103 cfu/ml, and after disinfection, bacteria were not found. The concentration of Gram-negative bacteria in the air before disinfection was 0-23 x 101 cfu/m3, and after disinfection - 0-8 x 101 cfu/m3. Simultaneously, the water and air were sampled to determine bacterial endotoxin. The statistical analysis did not show correlation between endotoxin concentration and Gram-negative bacteria concentration for the water before disinfection, and for the air before and after disinfection of DUWL water. Because the number of bacteria in the water after disinfection dropped to zero, statistical methods could not be used. The performed analysis suggests that bacterial endotoxin concentration is not indicative of Gram-negative bacteria contamination. Thus, bacterial endotoxin determination is not recommended as a method of monitoring the microbiological quality of DUWL water and dental aerosols.

12

Work related acute and [sub-]chronic airways inflammation assessed by nasal lavage in compost workers

75%

Douwes J., Dubbeld H., Van Zwieten L., Wouters I., Doekes G., Heederik D., Steerenberg P.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1997

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tom 04

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nr 1

13

Ambient endotoxin level in an area with intensive livestock production

75%

Schulze A., Van Strien R., Ehrenstein V., Schierl R., Kuchenhoff H., Radon K.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2006

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tom 13

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nr 1

High levels of endotoxin are found inside and near to animal houses. However, there is a lack of data on environmental endotoxin in areas with intensive animal production facilities. We conducted a cross-sectional study of respiratory health in two villages of Lower Saxony with intensive livestock production. We assessed the level of endotoxin exposure in the backyards of 32 participants with two 24-hours measurements of inhalable fraction (one in winter and one in summer). The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of the levels of endotoxin varied between 2.0 (2.9) EU/m3 in winter and 2.9 (2.4) EU/m3 in summer. Potential predictors - season, sampling sites, and weather conditions - explained 24% of the variability in ambient endotoxin concentration in the study area. The results indicate that, compared with urban residents, exposure to endotoxin is greater among people living in rural areas with intensive animal production. This might affect their respiratory health. However, these exposures are characterized by a large spatial variability.

14

Effect of unilateral, intraovarian infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin on ovarian morphology and blood hormonal profiles in gilts

75%

Jana B., Kucharski J., Kotwica J.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2000

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tom 03

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nr 2

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of unilateral, intraovarian infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS, lipopolysaccharide, serotyp 055:B5) on the concentration of progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), estradiol-17ß (E2) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in peripheral and ovarian blood plasma of gilts. The morphology of ovaries was also estimated. Fourteen sexually matured gilts with controlled estrous cycle were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: I (treated; n=7), and II (control; n=7). In the group I, 2 mg of LPS in 1 ml of saline was infused into the hilus of one ovary from the 15th to the 19lh day of the estrous cycle, twice a day (at 06:00 and 18:00). At the same time, 1 ml of saline was infused into the hilus of the contralateral ovary and into both ovaries of the control gilts (Gr. II). From the 15lh to the 7th day of the next estrous cycle blood samples from the jugular vein were collected with various frequency. Additionally, on the 7th day, during the laparotomy, blood samples from the utero-ovarian vein of each ovary were collected and then both ovaries were dissected out to estimate their morphology. Plasma hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Macroscopic investigation revealed the presence of cysts in both ovaries after unilateral, intraovarian LPS infusions but the number of cysts in the LPS-treated ovaries was higher (P < 0.05) than that in the contralateral ones. In LPS-infused ovaries, numbers of follicles and corpora lutea were lower (P < 0.05) than those in the contralateral and control ovaries. In LPS-treated gilts, P4 concentrations in peripheral blood was increased (P < 0.05-0.001) as compared to that found in the control group in the period from the 21lh to the 7lh day of the next estrous cycle. After LPS infusions, the level of P4 in blood plasma from the utero-ovarian vein of both ovaries was higher (P < 0.05) than that observed in the control group. Moreover, the concentration of P4 was higher (P < 0.05) in LPS-infused ovary than that found in the contralateral one. During the consecutive days of the study, the T level in peripheral and ovarian blood remained unchanged in both the control and LPS-treated groups. In the gilts receiving LPS, the peripheral level of E2 decreased (P < 0.01-0.001) as compared to that found in the control animals from the 20th to the 7lh day of the next estrous cycle. On the 7lh day, the plasma concentration of E2 in the utero-ovarian vein was lower in LPS-treated gilts (P < 0.05) than that found in the control group. This study revealed that infusions of LPS into the hilus of one ovary in gilts caused morphological changes in both ovaries and deviations from normal plasma hormonal profiles. These disturbances partly depended on the location of LPS infusions. The results obtained suggest that the pathologically changed ovary can affect the pituitary function and steroidogenesis of the contralateral ovary what leads to disturbances in the physiologic rythm of the estrous cycle in females.

15

Effects of administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and flunixin meglumine on semen quality in the stallion

75%

Danek J.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2004

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tom 48

|

nr 4

16

Second inter-laboratory study comparing endotoxin assay results from cotton dust

75%

Chun D. T. W., Chew V., Bartlett K., Gordon T., Jacobs R. R., Larsson B. M., Lewis D. M., Liesivouri J., Michel O., Rylander R., Thorne P. S., White E. M., Gunn V. C., Wurtz H.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2002

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tom 09

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nr 1

17

A moderate dose of cycloheximide does not prevent the febrile response to endotoxin but interfere with induction of pyrogenic tolerance in rabbit

75%

Kozak W., Soszynski D., Wachulec M., Szewczenko M., Bodurka M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1992

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tom 43

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nr 2

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of cycloheximide (Cx) - inhibitor of protein synthesis, on the development of pyrogenic tolerance to LPS. It has been observed that Cx at a dose of 1 mg/kg given intravenously 1 h prior to LPS did not prevent fever response, however it modified the induction of pyrogenic tolerance. It was manifested in existence of the second phase of fever after the following administrations of LPS into rabbits pretreated with Cx. In control group of rabbits the induction of pyrogenic tolerance was accompanied with decaying of the second peak of fever visible as early as the second dose of LPS.

18

Work-related symptoms in sewage treatment workers

75%

Douwes J., Mannetje A., Heederik D.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2001

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tom 08

|

nr 1

19

Application of the classic Limulus test and the quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL method for evaluation of endotoxin concentration in indoor air

75%

Gorny R. L., Douwes J., Versloot P., Heederik D., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1999

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tom 06

|

nr 1

20

Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase in porcine ovaries after intraovarian infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin

75%

Jana B., Andronowska A., Kucharski J.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2000

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tom 03

|

nr 3

The aim of this study was to determine whether pathological changes in Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS, lipopolysaccharide)-infused ovary are associated with an increase in NO production, and whether inflammatory mediators produced by LPS-infused ovary can affect the contralateral one to stimulate NO synthesis. Therefore, the activity of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) and distribution of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) used as indicators of the intensity of the inflammatory process were studied in porcine ovaries after unilateral infusions of LPS into the hilus of one ovary. Fourteen sexually matured gilts with controlled estrous cycle were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: I (control; n=7), and II (treated; n=7). In the group I, 1ml of saline was infused into the hilus of each ovary, on the 15th to the 19th day of the estrous cycle, twice a day (at 06:00 and 18:00). The gilts of the II group received 2 mg of LPS (serotyp 055:B5) in 1 ml of saline infused into the hilus of one ovary on the same days of the estrous cycle. At the same time, 1 ml of saline was infused into the contralateral ovary. The ovaries were collected on the 7th day of the next estrous cycle during a median laparotomy. Cryostat sections of the paraformaldehyde fixed ovarian tissues were stained histochemically to study the activity of NADPH-d and immunohistochemi- cally to investigate the distribution of iNOS. In the control group, the activity of NADPH-d was similar either in the corpora lutea, thecal and granulosa cells of follicles or endothelial cells of blood vessels in both ovaries. In the LPS-infused ovary, the activity of this enzyme was higher (P < 0.05 - 0.01) in thecal and granulosa cells of follicles and in endothelium of the blood vessels as compared to that found in the corresponding structures of the contralateral ovary. The highest activity of NADPH-d was observed in luteinizing thecal and granulosa cells of cysts which occured in both ovaries only after LPS infusions. In all the structures of both ovaries, the intensity of NADPH-d reaction was higher (P < 0.05 - 0.001) in LPS-treated gilts than that found in the control group. Light microscopic observations revealed the strongest immunostaining for iNOS in the structures of LPS-infused ovary. In the contralateral ovary, iNOS im- munoreactivity was weaker but still stronger than that found in the control group. This study revealed that in gilts infusions of LPS into the hilus of one ovary enhanced the activity of NADPH-d and iNOS in both the ovaries. However, the activity of these enzymes depended on the location of LPS infusions. The data obtained indicate also that locally synthesised NO can mediate an inflammatory effect of LPS in the ovaries.

Ograniczanie wyników

Endotoxin tolerance in horses - clinical observations

NADPH-diaphorase in porcine uterus after infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin

Level of interleukin-1beta and clinical signs after endotoxin injection in stallions

Central and peripheral neural aspects of gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of lipopolysaccharides

Preparation of endotoxin-free bacteriophages