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Illnesses of the genital tracts, often complicated with inflammation and degenerative processes in the endometrium and disturbances in ovarian function, reduce fertility in mares. The aim of the study was to estimate ovarian activity and assess intranuclear estrogen receptors in the endometrium of mares suffering from endometriosis. The study was performed prior to the breeding season (December.January) on 13 Arabian mares suffering from average to highly advanced degenerative changes in the endometrium. Ovarian ultrasonography and estimations of progesterone concentration in serum were performed three times over a 2 week period (examinations: I, II, III). Segments of endometrium were collected twice (at follicle sizes < 20 mm and > 25 mm) by biopsy and the quantity of intranuclear estrogen receptors were estimated in each layer of the endometrium. An ovarian cycle culminating with ovulation occurred in most of the mares over a period of 29 days (8 animals, 62%). The remaining 5 animals (38%) displayed: atresia of the dominant follicle (2 mares), anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles (2 mares), and persistent corpus luteum (1 mare). The average concentration of progesterone serum in two examinations (I and III) clearly exceeded the value of 1 ng/ml (p ≤ 0, 05 between I and II examinations). Stronger expressions and a greater score of immunoreactive estrogen receptors in each layer of the endometrium were noted when large follicles (p ≤ 0, 01) were found on the ovaries.
The article reviews the current opinions on mare endometrosis: the types of the degenerative changes observed in the endometrium of mares and mechanisms of its origin. Conclusions based on both literature and our own observation indicate the fibrosis of the stroma and disorders in differentiation and proliferation of the glandular epithelium play major roles in the process of mare endometrosis. These processes damage the proper functioning of the glandular and superficial epithelium making implantation and embryo development impossible. It has not been explained why these degenerative changes in the endometrium occur.
The aim of this work was to examine specimens from 56 mares subjected to endometrial biopsy. Special attention was paid to inflammatory cells and mast cells. It was found that endometritis eosinophilica evolved into endometritis lymphocytaria. The development of endometrosis was accompanied by a slight increase in the relative number of mast cells in the interstitial tissue. At the same time, diffused eosinophils and variable numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages were present. These results may suggest that the primary inflammatory process in endometrium contributes to the secondary progressive interstitial fibrosis. The process of the activation of eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells and macrophages may result from hormonal disturbances and may reflect a pathological stimulation of these cells by estrogens through specific nuclear receptors.
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