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Soil tillage is one of the greatest energy consumers in agriculture and also a significant contributor to CO₂ emissions. For this reason, field experiments with different tillage systems and their influence on fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions were carried out at two locations in Eastern Slovenia. Three tillage methods were researched: direct seeding after gliphosat spraying (DS-G), reduced tillage with chisel plough and seeding (RT), and conventional tillage with mouldboard plough, rotary harrow and seeding (CT). The testing crop was corn silage (Zea mays L.) in rotation after ryegrass. The highest fuel consumption was under the CT system; the CO₂ emission was 225.03 kg ha⁻¹ on silty clay loam and 188.06 kg ha⁻¹ on silty loam. The use of the DSG system saved on average 164.41 kg ha⁻¹ of diesel oil and the use of the RT system, 104.77 kg ha⁻¹. At both locations, the highest yield of dry matter was produced with CT, followed by DS-G and RT; however, on silty clay loam the difference was significant. The alternative soil tillage reduced the CO₂ emission on average by 79.45% (DS-G) and 61.07% (RT). Presuming the use of the CT system in the growing of corn silage on arable land of Eastern Slovenia would decrease from its current 93.7% by 30% as forecasted under the EU soil tillage trend, the total annual emissions of CO₂ could be reduced by 1.08 Gg, or 24.0%.
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Carbon emission control measures

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This paper seeks to share the experience of the Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking programme (ULCOS) established in 2002 by a number of EU members on how to cut down CO2 emission by at least 50 % of the present volume of emission. Global environmental challenge today is the issue of climate change resulting in devastating effects such as flooding in many countries of the world. One of the major causes is the CO2 emission from different industries including iron and steel industries. The total global CO2 emission was put at 29Gt in 2007 and projected to be 37Gt by the 2020. Out of this volume the steel industry accounts for 3-4 % and this call for concern from stakeholders to come up with measures to reduce or control the emission of the green house gas. These measures are necessary considering the growth of the iron and steel industry in the last 50 years. Important items considered include among others carbon emission and recovery, carbon capture and storage and new iron and steel making processes and their potential for CO2 reduction.
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