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The rate of superovulation and embryo production in 120 beef and 177 Black-WhitexHolstein-Fresian (BWxHF) cows treated with a new generation of FSH preparations – Stimufol (Rhone Merieux) and Ovagen (ICP) were compared with those treated with frequently used FSH-P. BWxHF cows treated with Stimufol and Ovagen revealed a significantly higher (P<0.05) number of embryos suitable for a transfer than those treated with FSH-P. In contrast to FSH-P., Stimufol failed to increase the rate of embryo production in Aberdeen-Angus and Limousine cows.
Public and private EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) programs provide access to a large number of ESTs from a number of plant species, including Arabidopsis, corn, soybean, rice, wheat. In addition to the homology of each EST to genes in GenBank, information about homology to all other ESTs in the data base can be obtained. To estimate expression levels of genes represented in the DuPont EST data base we count the number of times each gene has been seen in different cDNA libraries, from different tissues, developmental stages or induction conditions. This quantitation of message levels is quite accurate for highly expressed messages and, unlike conventional Northern blots, allows comparison of expression levels between different genes. Lists of most highly expresses genes in different libraries can be compiled. Also, if EST data is available for cDNA libraries derived from different developmental stages, gene expression profiles across development can be assembled. We present an example of such a profile for soybean seed development. Gene expression data obtained from Electronic Northern analysis can be confirmed and extended beyond the realm of highly expressed genes by using high density DNA arrays. The ESTs identified as interesting can be arrayed on nylon or glass and probed with total labeled cDNA first strand from the tissue of interest. Two-color fluorescent labeling allows accurate mRNA ratio measurements. We are currently using the DNA array technology to study chemical induction of gene expression and the biosynthesis of oil, carbohydrate and protein in developing seeds. In the future, high density DNA arrays containing the whole gene complement of an organism will become available for the analysis of genome-wide patterns of gene expression.
Seasonal differences were found in the rate of fertilisation in 1641 cows implanted with fresh embryos. The rate of fertilisation was higher (P<0.01) than the respective mean values in October, January, April, June and February and lower (P<0.01) in July and November. However, the rate of fertilisation differed insignificantly in cows implanted with frozen embryos. The month of superovulation significantly affected the number of produced embryos and oocytes, embryos suitable for transfer and total embryos; the number of embryos was lowest in Summer, and highest in January, February, and March.
The primordia of the sympathetic trunk ganglia were traced on serial sections of 10 embryos at stage 13 (32 postovulatory days). It was found that in all embryos, these primordia were present in the thoracic level T4 to T9 and they appeared as scattered aggregates of cells lying dorsally and laterally to the dorsal aortae. (Folia Morphol 2009; 68, 4: 215–217)
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