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In this study sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles were analysed and differences were confirmed by a unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis between bifidobacterial species, such as B. infanis ATCC1567, B. bifidum Bb-12, B. longum KN29, B. catenulatum KD14, and B. animalis BI30. Two dimensional electrophoresis separation profiles were compared, and the most characteristic spots were characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We propose proteins extracted from intact cells as an additional trait for bifidobacteria characterization, together with molecular techniques, which can be used to analyze bacterial protein polymorphism and to distinguish among species.
Syntopic Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis (Fischer, 1829) and P. maniculatus nubiterrae (Rhoads, 1896) exhibit considerable overlap in external morphologies in the Appalachian mountains of the Eastern United States, making field identification of live individuals questionable in some instances. We compared two techniques for correctly identifying these live individuals in the field: the tail:body ratio and weight criterion, and discriminant function analysis of external morphological characters. Electrophoresis of salivary amylase was used to confirm species identity. The tail:body ratio and weight criterion was a poor character combination for discriminating between species, with 36% of new (unmarked) individuals misclassified. Models generated from discriminant function analysis resulted in up to 92% correct classification to species of live individuals. For any individual Peromyscus (Gloger, 1841) captured, four quantitative characters (tail length, body length, ear length, and weight) were the most useful in discrimination between species. While classification equations provided improved species identification, they still resulted in a high degree of error. Only electrophoresis of salivary amylase provided unambiguous species identification in the field, and we recommend the use of this technique.
Escherichia coli O56 were originally isolated from infected humans. Here it is reported that using the zwitterionic detergent (Zwittergent Z 3-14®) to isolate outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Escherichia coli O56 is suitable for their separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) using pH 3-10 immobilized pH gradient IPG strips (BIO-RAD).
Zinc-binding proteins from seminal plasma (ZnBPs) originate in the secretions of different accessory sex glands and are implicated in key events associated with sperm-egg fertilization processes. This study describes the isolation and characterization of the ZnBPs of canine seminal plasma. Ejaculates were collected from three crossbred dogs for a 2-week period. The ZnBPs as well as non zinc-binding proteins (nZnBPs) were isolated by zinc-dependent affinity chromatography. The isolated fractions were subjected to native gel electrophoresis (one-dimensional polyacryamide gel electrophoresis, PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), using denaturing and reducing conditions. Zinc-elution profile using affinity chromatography displayed two protein fractions represented by the nZnBPs and ZnBPs, respectively. Using native gel electrophoresis, it was found that both the nZnBPs and ZnBPs occurred in their native state as aggregates, ranging from 140 to 669 kDa. The nZnBPs were disaggregated into 8 protein bands, with molecular weights ranging from 10.7 to 79.7 kDa, following SDS-PAGE analysis. By contrast, SDS-PAGE analysis of the ZnBPs revealed 13 protein bands, with molecular weights ranging from 11.6 to 152.3 kDa. Densitometric analysis showed that 46-48% of nZnBPs could be accounted by protein fractions with molecular weights of 10.7 and 14.2 kDa. Also, 2 protein fractions with molecular weights of 11.6 and 14.3 kDa, were predominant in ZnBPs, accounting for approximately 28-30% of the total proteins. These results demonstrate the zinc-binding capacity of proteins secreted by the canine prostate. The findings of this study indicate that ZnBPs of canine seminal plasma comprise several protein fractions, which might be implicated in the reproductive processes in the dog.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sequentially extracted from mature specimens of Hymenolepis diminuta was shown to be a globular protein, the monomeric form of which (Ga₁) had molecular mass of 66 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. Amphiphilic character of the enzyme was revealed by Triton X-l14 phase partitioning. The cestode AChE preferred acetylthiocholine over propionyl- and butyrylthiocholine as substrate, split N-acetyl-ß-methylthiocholine and myristoylcholine but did not hydrolyze ß-carbonaphthoxycholine, a substrate for butyrylcholinesterases. It was sensitive to 10⁻⁵ M physostigmine and 10⁻⁵ M BW284C51 but not to 10⁻³ M iso-OMPA. No butyrylcholinesterase activity was detected in extracts from the parasite.
The amniotic fluid (AF) was fractionated by dialysis, gel filtration and SDS/PAGE, and submitted to the assay of collagenous constituents. The collagenous character of peptides and proteins of amniotic fluid was confirmed by hydroxyproline (Hyp) assay and treatment with bacterial collagenase followed by electrophoresis and gel filtration of the digestion products. It was found that AF contains collagen degradation products but the classical method of Hyp determination described by Woessner (Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1961, 93, 440-447) gives overestimated values due to the interference with other AF components. Fractionation of AF on Sephadex G-100 column allowed to remove the interfering material and to estimate the actual Hyp content which equals to approx. 6.2 μg/ml. About 70% of Hyp was found in low molecular dialyzable products and the rest (about 30%) appears to be a constituent of non-dialyzable collagenous polypeptides of the molecular mass of about 7.9-26.3 kDa. It is suggested that such collagenous polypeptides may be the products of proteolytic conversion of collagen precursor (procollagen) into the monomeric form of this protein. No high molecular forms of collagen, corresponding to alpha-subunits, were found.
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