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Eighteen Wistar rats were exposed for 24 d to an electromagnetic field and water. The tongue, mucous membrane of the cheek wall, and the parotid gland were examined histopathologically. The examination showed slight differences in the histological structure of the tongue muscles and mucous membrane of the cheek wall between the experimental and control groups. In the tissues of the tongue from experimental animals, extensive extravasations in the tunica muscularis were observed. In sections of the parotid gland of these animals, slight lymphoid cell infiltrations, and masses of various consistency and colour, from yellow to brown, were noted in the lumen of the parotid ducts.
Human beings are unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated from various electrical devices and from power transmission lines. Controversy exists about the effects of EMF on various organs. One of the critical issues is that EMF may adversely affect the reproductive system. In order to examine this 30 rat pups were exposed to 50 Hz EMF (non-ionising radiation) during in utero development (approximately 3 weeks) and postnatal life (5 weeks). Groups of exposed rats were subsequently left in an environment free of EMF in order to observe recovery, if any, from the changes induced by EMF on the boundary tissue of the seminiferous tubules. The materials were processed and observed under a light and a transmission electron microscope. In the experimental rats boundary tissue was found disrupted at various layers. This tissue showed infoldings, which were perhaps due to the loss of collagen and reticular fibrils from the inner and outer non-cellular layers. The outer non-cellular layer, which was thinner than that of the control, was stripped away from the myoid cell layer in multiple regions, giving a “blister-like” appearance. The myoid cells showed fewer polyribosomes, pinocytotic vesicles and glycogen granules. Most mitochondria were found to lack cristae. The connections between individual myoid cells were apparently lost. There were signs of recovery in the boundary tissue following withdrawal from EMF exposure. These results suggest that EMF exposure may cause profound changes in the boundary tissue of the seminiferous tubules. Therefore exposure to EMF may result in pathological changes that lead to subfertility and infertility.
The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been shown to alter animal and human behavior, such as directional orientation, learning, pain perception (nociception or analgesia) and anxiety-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic fields of high-frequency microwaves on pain perception and anti-nociceptive activity of tramadol (TRAM) - analgetic effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain states. Electromagnetic fields exposures of a) 1500 MHz frequency and b) modulated, 1800 MHz (which is identical to that generated by mobile phones) were applied. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to thermal stimulus was measured in vehicle or tramadol (TRAM) treated animals before and after 30, 60 and 90 minutes from injections. The differences in the level of pain (PWL) between control group and rats exposed to EMF alone in three measurements, were not observed. Tramadol alone significantly increased PWLs to thermal stimulus in comparison to vehicle results at 30 (p < 0.001) and 60 minutes (p < 0.05) after drug injection. EMF exposure of both frequencies transiently suppressed analgesic effect of tramadol, significantly reducing paw withdrawal latency in animals treated with this drug at 30 minutes from the drug injection.
Electromagnetic fields have many applications in agriculture, but much still remains to be studied to provide scientific evidence of its potential use as an alternative for improvement of food quality from plants whose seed was irradiated, especially in the physical characteristics of the product. In this study we investigated the effects of the electromagnetic fields on the physical quality of maize grain. Twelve treatments were evaluated from a combination of two maize hybrids (San Juan and San Jose) and five times of exposure to electromagnetic field (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 minutes) plus a control (no electromagnetic treatment) in a design of randomised complete blocks with four replications. Electromagnetic treatment of the hybrid maize seeds (San Juan and San Jose), applied as a presowing treatment, modifies the physical characteristics of maize grains. It was possible to observe that there were significant differences (p≤0.01) between the experimental treatments and between the hybrids in their grain length (LG), grain width (GW) and 1000-grain weight (TGW). The hectolitric weight (HW) of the hybrids was between 69.05 and 68.98 kg hL-1, respectively. These results could have an impact on the process and quality of the tortilla that is consumed by the population; this is a function of time of exposure to electromagnetic treatment.
Twenty-four male Wistar rats were selected and divided into three groups (control, test group 1, test group 2). The test group 1 was exposed to EMF (50 Hz, 3 mT) 8 h a day, 6 d per week for 2 months. Test group 2 was exposed to EMF (50 Hz, 3 mT) 8 h a day, 6 d per week for 2 months but received orally 30 mg of vitamin E/d. Rats in the control group neither were exposed to electromagnetic field nor received vitamin E. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, dissected, and samples from the thymus were taken and processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Forty microscopic fields from each group were randomly selected and studied. The data showed that in the thymus of test group 1, the population of cells in the cortex was decreased but the number of macrophages was increased. EM study showed that cellular nuclei were heterochromatic in comparison to control group. Test group 2 was similar to the control group. These findings indicate that immune system is weakened by electromagnetic field but vitamin E supplementation prevented above alteration.
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