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The problems of electromagnetic energy impact as a stimulating factor of plants growth as well as the improvements in the yield capacity of crop are considered. Based on the analysis of researches carried out by scientists all over the world rich potential and prospects of electrotechnology are stated as an alternative to already existing technologies. The basic directions of electrotechnology application in the processes of stimulation of plants growth as well as the germination increasing by means of improving the methods of electric power supply of the processing objects, including electrotechnical equipment and both improvement of the efficiency ratio and energy saving are revealed.
Experiments on reversible and irreversible cell electroporation were carried out with an experimental setup based on a standard apparatus for horizontal electrophoresis, a syringe pump with regulated cell suspension flow velocity and a dcEF power supply. Cells in suspension flowing through an orifice in a barrier inserted into the electrophoresis apparatus were exposed to defined localized dcEFs in the range of 0–1000 V/cm for a selected duration in the range 10–1000 ms. This method permitted the determination of the viability of irreversibly electroperforated cells. It also showed that the uptake by reversibly electroperforated cells of fluorescent dyes (calcein, carboxyfluorescein, Alexa Fluor 488 Phalloidin), which otherwise do not penetrate cell membranes, was dependent upon the dcEF strength and duration in any given single electrical field exposure. The method yields reproducible results, makes it easy to load large volumes of cell suspensions with membrane non-penetrating substances, and permits the elimination of irreversibly electroporated cells of diameter greater than desired. The results concur with and elaborate on those in earlier reports on cell electroporation in commercially available electroporators. They proved once more that the observed cell perforation does not depend upon the thermal effects of the electric current upon cells. In addition, the method eliminates many of the limitations of commercial electroporators and disposable electroporation chambers. It permits the optimization of conditions in which reversible and irreversible electroporation are separated. Over 90% of reversibly electroporated cells remain viable after one short (less than 400 ms) exposure to the localized dcEF. Experiments were conducted with the AT-2 cancer prostate cell line, human skin fibroblasts and human red blood cells, but they could be run with suspensions of any cell type. It is postulated that the described method could be useful for many purposes in biotechnology and biomedicine and could help optimize conditions for in vivo use of both reversible and irreversible electroporation.
This paper presents a discussion about the application of electricity that stimulates the growth of the plant to a great extent. This paper also demonstrates that exposure to the action of a high voltage electric field can be an effective tool for the enhancement of germination. The experiments were carried out on tomato seeds. A pilot treatment unit was developed and used for the study. Under normal conditions (no treatment), only about 76% of a reference sample of such seeds were germinated. Other seed samples were subjected to 50 Hz electric fields ranging from 10 to 30 kV cm-1 with exposure time ranging from 10 to 30 sec. In the optimum laboratory test, 100% of the seeds were germinated. The weight of the resulting tomato seedlings was greater than that of untreated ones. The germination tests proved the efficiency of this method. Ozone generation by partial discharges between seeds seems to be the main effective parameter that enhances the growth.
Bioremediation is the effective remediation technology for soils contaminated by biodegradable contamination. However, bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic compounds still remains a major challenge for the scientific and industrial world. There is still the need to develop techniques which allow an increase in bioremediation efficiency. A possible solution seems to be the stimulation of bacteria migration through the subsurface while using bioremediation. In this study a weak electric field in combination with the following bacterial strains: Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae was used to stimulate bacterial cell migration, as well as the biodegradation of crude oil contamination in soil samples. Bacterial cell migration under the influence of the weak electric field and crude oil biodegradation were estimated during the experiments. The effect of changes in electrode polarization were also included in this study. Results show that weak electric field application has a great influence on the speed and direction of bacterial migration in soil samples and biodegradation of the pollution. From the study of the application of the electric field in soil bacteria migration can be forced in the desired direction and consequently stimulate biodegradation of contamination in selected areas.
Analiza zjawisk zachodzących w ziarniakach zbóż pod wpływem pola elektrycznego jest trudna m.in. z takich powodów jak skomplikowany kształt geometryczny i złożona struktura ich budowy. Stąd trudności uniemożliwiające analityczne ujęcie zjawisk i syntetyczne wyciągnięcie wniosków, Dotychczas w uproszczonych rozważaniach teoretycznych ziarno było zastępowane jednorodną kulą.W przedstawionej pracy ziarniak analizowano w postaci dielektrycznej sferoidy o strukturze warstwowej w układzie współrzędnych sferoidy wydłużonej. Zgodnie z naturalną budową ziarniaka, w modelu uwzględniono również trzy warstwy. Dla takiego modelu przedstawiono rozkład pola elektrycznego w poszczególnych warstwach. Wyznaczono również elektryczny moment orientacji działający na ziarniak w polu elektrycznym. Przedstawiono także praktyczne wykorzystanie momentu orientacji do pomiaru przenikalności dielektrycznej pojedynczego ziarniaka w postaci opisu eksperymentu pomiarowego. W pracy podano opis teoretycznego wyznaczania sił elektrostrykcyjnych powstających w ziarniaku pod wpływem pola elektrycznego. Zagadnienie zilustrowano w postaci sił objętościowych, naprężeń elektrycznych i sił powierzchniowych na granicach warstw ziarniaka. Dodatkowo wyniki tych rozważań teoretycznych zweryfikowano eksperymentalnie. Oprócz wyników badawczych przedstawiono w publikacji możliwości praktycznego wykorzystania właściwości elektrycznych ziarniaka w takich procesach technologicznych jak: suszenie oraz czyszczenie i sortowanie. W zakończeniu przedstawiono perspektywy i kierunki rozwoju badań nad zachowaniem się ziarniaka w polu elektrycznym. Podkreślono tam niedoskonałości używanych dotychczas modeli matematyczno-fizycznych ziarniaka. Przy ich pomocy nie można m.in. wyjaśnić mechanizmu oddziaływania pola elektrycznego na ziarniak — jako żywy organizm.
The adhesion of six different Lactobacillus and Lactococcus and three pathogenic Escherichia and Salmonella strains was studied using Caco-2 cell line. In this in vitro model system the influence of weak electric field (EF) on bacterial adhesion was tested. The EF source was the in vitro reconstruction of spiking potentials recorded in the duodenum of a healthy calf during one myoelectrical migration complex (MMC) cycle. The ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells of bacteria belonging to two groups, Gram-positive lactobacilli and lactococci, and Gram-negative Escherichia and Salmonella differed considerably. The pathogenic bacteria adhered better to well-differentiated Caco-2 cells whereas lactobacilli and lactococci displayed better adhesion to non-differentiated Caco-2 cells. In the presence of MMC-related EF an increased adhesion of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus but not of Salmonella enterica s. Enteritidis and E. coli 269 to Caco-2 cells was observed. Two later strains adhered even less in the presence of EF. The same tendency was found in the presence of pancreatic juice in a cell medium. In conclusion, the myoelectric component of the small intestinal motility, the MMC-related EF, and pancreatic juice may increase the ability of lactic acid bacteria to adhere to GI epithelial cells, creating better environmental conditions for colonization of the intestine and competition with Gram-negative pathogens.
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