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Fatty acid (FA) composition of eggs from nine poultry species was determined chromatographically.Twenty six FAs were determined in the lipid composition of eggs. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in egg yolks. Oleic acid (C18:1 n9) was the major MUFA in egg yolk and, palmitic acid (C16:0) was the major SFA in nine of all different originated eggs. Linoleic acid (C18:2 n6),arachidonic acid (C20:4 n6) and linolenic acid (C18:3 n3), reached the highest levels among the PUFAs. SFA/PUFA ratios were found to be 0.97, 2.51, 2.20, 1.46, 1.67, 1.40, 1.96, 1.27, and 1.34 in chicken, goose, duck, turkey, peacock, guinea fowl, pheasant, quail and partridge, respectively.Eggs of all nine species were found valuable for human consumption as fatty acids source, but the chicken’s egg occured to be the most beneficial to human health according to its highest omega 6 fatty acid (29.8%), highest PUFA / MUFA ratio (0.80) and lowest of SFA / PUFA ratio (0.97).
The constant-current chronopotentiometric measurements of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine bilayer membrane without and with cholesterol are presented. It was demonstrated that the constant-intensity current flow through the bilayer membranes without and with cholesterol generated the oscillating pores in their structures. The presence of cholesterol in the bilayer membrane increased the value of critical potential at which pores could be formed. The shift in the distribution of calculated pore radii towards smaller values was observed in the bilayer containing cholesterol. It was postulated that greater stability of bilayer with cholesterol resulted from increased critical pore radius (at which the bilayer would rupture). The implications of the membrane cholesterol for the application of constant-current method as a biotechnological tool for incorporating molecules of different size are discussed.
In nandu eggs (n = 9) the mean cholesterol content of yolk was 16.41 mg/g. In a sum of 21 fatty AIDS determined, the considerable share – 33.55% – of polyunsaturated acids was found, and especially of linolenic (C18:3) – 4.95% and arachidonic (C20:4) – 7.59%, both considered essential in human nutrition. It is concluded that nandu eggs are of considerable dietetic value.
The present study was designed to compare egg yolks from three avian species in extender for cryopreservation of Sahiwal bull epididymal spermatozoa. The study was conducted on cauda epididymal spermatozoa from ten slaughtered Sahiwal bulls. Semen retrieved from epididymal cauda of each testes pair was pooled and diluted in tris-citric acid-glycerol extender containing either pigeon, guinea fowl or chicken egg yolk semi colon leading to a final spermatozoal concentration of 30×106 ml-1. Diluted semen was transferred into 0.5 ml straws, cooled to 4°C and equilibrated for 4 h. The straws were kept on liquid nitrogen vapours for 10 min and then plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. Motility, plasma membrane integrity and spermatozoa morphology (acrosome ridge;head, mid piece and tail) of each diluted semen sample were assessed at 0, 2 and 4 h post-thawing.All indicators applied and acrosomal integrity were the highest (P<0.05) after freezing in extender containing pigeon egg yolk compared to guinea fowl and chicken egg yolk 0, 2 and at 4 h postthaw.Moreover,spermatozoa tail abnormality percentages were also significantly lower (P<0.05) in extender containing pigeon egg yolk compared to guinea fowl and chicken egg yolk at 0, 2 and 4 post-thaw h. In conclusion, pigeon egg yolk used in semen extender improved the post-thaw quality of Sahiwal bull epididymal spermatozoa.
This work presents the results of an experimental study and of computer simulations concerning electric interactions in the surface layer of egg yolk lecithin (EYL) liposome membranes. The surface layer is formed by EYL polar heads, which possess features of electric dipoles, and positive charged polar heads belonging to admixtures of quaternary ammonium salts (AS). The results of the experimental study are in good agreement with the ones of the computer simulations. It was found that fluidity of the membranes, at a given concentration of AS, obtains the extremal (minimal) value. Similarly, the binding energy of the dipoles-positive charges system behaves like that in computer simulations. Moreover, the locations of the fluidity extremum and those of the binding energy depend on the charge of the AS polar heads as well as on the degree of electric interactions screening by the environment. At a certain optimal value of the screening coefficient, the energy of the system is the lowest (the most negative) and together with the rise in AS charge, the minimum of the energy moves towards its higher concentrations.
Egg yolk and white proteins from hens kept in eight conservation flocks in Poland were separated with horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The analyses were done on 100-120-egg samples from each of the following breeds: Green-Legged Partridge, ZKF and ZK11, Yellow-Legged Partridge, Z33, Polbar, PB, Leghorn, H22 and G99, Rhode Island Red, RD2, and Sussex, S66. After estimating phenotype frequency based on 30-35 bands on the electrophoregrams, the following were identified: gene frequencies of fast-migrating prealbumins, Pa-F, and transferrins, TF, in egg yolk, as well as ovalbumins Ov-A, ovoglobulins, G3, G4, G2, and conalbumins, Co, in the white of egg. Similarity and Nei's genetic distances were calcula-ted according to gene frequency (GF) and procedures used in analysing DNA polymorphism, based on frequencies of particular protein bands (BF) and band sharing (BS). Application of GF and BF in the evaluation of genetic distances gave similar results.
The decontamination effectiveness of bentonite from Polish geological deposits in reducing the radiocaesium transfer to hen eggs was examined. The egg white radiocaesium concentration was higher than that in egg yolk. The highest decontamination efficacy in all egg components was noticed in animals treated with bentonite from the first day of radionuclide administration. Generally, the radioactivity concentration in hens treated simultaneously with ¹³⁷CsCI and a caesium binder were lower by >50% than those in the controls. The decontamination efficiency lowered with the delayed bentonite treatment. In Poland bentonite seems to be an alternative to other decontamination agents.
After intramuscular administration to laying hens, the highest mean concentration of oxytetracycline in (OTC) egg white was noticed on the 1st day after treatment (the 6th day of the experiment). On the 6 th day after treatment OTC was not detected. In the egg yolk, the highest OTC concentration was observed on the 3rd day after treatment. On the 13 th day after treatment no residues of oxytetracycline were detected above the detection limit of the used method (50 ppb). After oral administration, OTC residues appeared in the egg white as early as the first day after treatment began. The residues were detected until the 9th day after treatment. In the yolk, residues appeared four days after the beginning of the treatment and they were detected until the 12th day after treatment.
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