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Heritability and genetic correlations of monthly egg production under random regression models were estimated. Three layer lines (A22, A88, K66) in six consecutive generations were analysed. A22 (13,770 recorded hens) and A88 (13,950 recorded hens) are maternal lines of Rhode Island White birds selected on egg production and shell colour; K66 (9,351 recorded birds) is a paternal line of Rhode Island Red birds selected on egg weight. Eight models with different orders of Legendre polynomials were applied. Adequacy of the models was checked by the Akaike Information Criterion. According to the most adequate model including second order Legendre polynomials for fixed effects and third order for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, relatively high heritabilities were estimated in the first (h²=0.3) and final (h² above 0.3) periods of production with a substantial decrease in heritability during the egg production peak. Methodology based on random regression animal models can be recommended for genetic evaluation of laying hens.
The paper describes the modelling ofeg g production in Acartia spp. under changing environmental conditions in the southern Baltic Sea (Gdańsk Deep). The hypothesis (Sekiguchi et al. 1980) that the food-saturated rate of egg matter production is equivalent to specific growth rate ofco pepods is applied. The average number ofeggs produced per day by one Acartia female is obtained as a function ofg rowth rate, i.e. by multiplying exp gN3 − 1 from the growth rate of the nauplius stage equation by Wfemale/Wegg. The copepod model, reduced to a zerodimensional population model calibrated for Acartia spp. under the environmental conditions typical ofthe southern Baltic Sea, was used to determine the effects of temperature and food concentration on the growth rate ofeac h oft he model stages (see Part 1 – Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al. 2009 – this issue). In this part, egg production as a function of the above parameters is evaluated. The rate of reproduction during the seasons in the upper layer ofthe Gdańsk Deep is also determined.
An investigation of food poisoning cases caused in our country by Salmonella spp has been carried out by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, in recent years. It has show that the majority of foci of this disease is related to the consumption of foods containing hen eggs which had not undergone heat treatment, such as mayonnaise, creams, ice cream and other products. The world egg production amounts to 400 billion; in Poland, it reaches the level of about 8 billion per year. Six hundred eggs purchased in 30 local markets in Olsztyn, Poland, were examined in respect to the presence of Salmonella spp. between June and September 1997. Salmonella spp. was not found on the shells or inside the eggs.
Quantitative expressions are presented describing the potential reproductive rate per individual female of Pseudocalanus spp. in several different waters (not reduced by food limitation) as a function of both temperature and cephalothorax length of females (one equation for each studied region). The calculations were made for some geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus spp. from southwest Baffin Island, Nova Scotia, Long Island Sound, Scotland, as well as the southern North Sea and its adjacent waters (e.g. the English Channel). On the basis of the findings presented in this work and from other studies, the reproductive rate was computed as the mean number of eggs per sac divided by 1.25 times the embryonic duration at the given temperature. Also computed was the amount of egg matter produced per day as a percentage of body carbon (and dry weight) of female weight for all localities. The relationships for females from the southern North Sea were obtained for ‘viable eggs’, but they should be treated with reserve. A more suitable expression describing egg production in the southern North Sea is the equation for females from the English Channel obtained here. Our assumptions and approximations appear to predict quite well the temperature-length of female dependent daily rates of egg production of well-fed females of Pseudocalanus spp. for the above waters, and we suggest that they can be used to test the hypothesis more thoroughly.
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Prospects of table eggs production in Belarus

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Problems of development of egg production in Belarus are considered. Dynamics of volume of egg production is considered for the period of 1995-2009. Results of production and sale of eggs by integrated (mass production) poultry farms are analyzed by means of a correlation method.
A method for the detection of segregating major genes based on the analysis of estimated marginal posterior major gene variance density was examined. The properties of the method were investigated using data sets simulated for a real population of laying hens consisting of eleven generations. Marginal posterior densities of model parameters were estimated by the Gibbs sampling approach proposed by Janss et al. (1995). With the data of about 4000 observations it was possible to detect a major gene responsible for one third of the genetic variance and one tenth of the phenotypic variance, irrespectively of the degree of dominance at the major locus. The inference based on the posterior marginal major gene variance can be sensitive to skewness of the data. It was shown that skewness of 0.2 can lead to a false detection of a major gene. The method is robust against a non-genetic mixture of normal distributions.
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