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The ideas of Christian personalism are closely connected with pedagogical practice, man's life and development. They are very important from the point of view of inclusive education, which provides autonomy for disabled people.
The aim of the study was to analyze the level of physical activity of students of selected fields of study at Biała Podlaska University depending on the year of study. The study involved 450 people, studying at the first and second stages of education at the State School of Higher Education (PSW) in Biała Podlaska. In the study, a method of diagnostic survey was applied, with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ – short version. Based on the analysis it was concluded that the surveyed students were characterized by a moderate level of physical activity. The diversity of types of physical activity of students in relation to the year of study were statistically significant in terms of total activity, moderate activity and walking – in favor of students of the second year of undergraduate studies.
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The role of environmental protection in education

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In this report we point out the requirement of local communities for environmental education of society that results from accession of Poland to the project titled „Decade for Sustainable Development 2005-2014”. The paper includes results of the surveys carried out among students, teachers and officers of communes that reveal the role of environmental education in schools, communes and universities. The results demonstrate that environmental education should become connected with actions in aid of both natural and social local environments.
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Key competences as a way to creative development

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Preparation of young people to handle challenges of information society and to maximally benefit from possibilities created by this society has been included among the most important objectives in various education systems in Europe. This made politicians, dealing with education, revise the curricula and teaching methods, which consequently increased the level of interests in key competences as elements which determine the success of an individual in subsequent participation in the society. Competences are defined as combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate for the. Key competences are those, which are needed by every one for their self - fulfillment and personal development, for being an active citizen, for social integration and employment. Eight key competences have been established: 1. Communication in the mother tongue. 2. Communication in foreign languages. 3. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology. 4. Digital competence. 5. Learning to learn. 6. Social and civic competences. 7. Sense of initiative and entrepreneurship. 8. Cultural awareness and expression. Pursuant to the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competencies for lifelong learning, the Academy of Podlasie in Siedlce, in the partnership with the Foundation for Lubelskie Development and in cooperation with the Paweł Włodkowic Higher School in Płock, began in September 2008 implementation of the Project entitled „Key competences as the way to creative development”, co-financed by the European Union from the European Social Fund. The project involves development of three competences: 1. Communication in foreign languages. 2. Mathematical literacy and basic competences in science and technology. 3. Cultural awareness and expression.
Competition policy in financing human capital development in rural areas should be considered in long term, and should base on the interdisciplinary research results that would refer to the field of political economics. Of special importance as such a basis are these research results that forecast the development trends in the second and the third decade of twenty first century.
Background. Improving the nutritional knowledge of the preschool staff responsible for nutrition can translate into better quality menus served to children. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program in participating preschools. As criteria for evaluation of the program, changes in selected nutritional practices reported by the institutions’ staff as well as their opinion on the program were analyzed. Material and methods. The research consisted primarily of a survey, performed in 2015 and repeated in 2016 in randomly selected preschools participating in the program “Eating healthy, growing healthy” in Poland. In 2015, 66 institutions were included in the survey, and in 2016, 138 preschools were included. In both, the CATI method was used for data collection, and data were collected by specially trained interviewers. Respondents were asked about selected nutrition-related practices in the institution (e.g. usage of salt/sugar, water availability, meal presentation). They also evaluated the suitability of the program for diet planning in the preschool setting. Results. Preschool managers evaluated the project very highly in terms of value and usefulness of the content in their daily practice. The program has brought results in changing nutrition practices: salt and sugar in the children’s meals were reduced, water availability was increased, and menus were adapted to current nutritional recommendations. The high evaluation of the program increased the reported interest in participating in similar programs in the future, however, it did not translate into a greater willingness to include paid “healthy eating” workshops in the institutions. Conclusions. Nutrition education improved the quality of nutrition in preschools, but in order to reach a wide range of institutions, it is necessary to focus on the implementation of free-ofcharge educational programs.
Unemployment, which also hits people with higher education, is one of the major socio-economic problems in Poland. This unfavourable situation is caused by the wrong conception of higher education which doesn't prepare graduates for employers' requirements. Curriculum strategies that have been followed contributed to the situation where many faculties at universities are perceived as the admission pass to professions poorly paid or even as those ones that don't give the opportunity of finding any job in the future. The author of this paper presents results of research performed among graduates of geographical studies in the system of two-stage studies (Bachelor's three-year studies and Master's two-year studies) and Master's five year-studies at Pedagogical University of Cracow. The main aims of this research were as follows: • Getting to know how graduates assess the competences acquired during their studies. These competences are regarded as the key ones in tuning research on a European scale; • Getting to know geographical studies graduates' plans, expectations and attitudes towards challenges of labour market. The results obtained proved that geography graduates, especially those with Bachelor's degree assessed most of the key competences as good and very good. Criteria which are taken into account while choosing a job are not dependent on money. The dominant criteria are the ability to join work with passions and the prospects for professional development. Respondents declared the intention to look for a job in the education sector and the civil service by means of the direct contact with an employer.
Subject and purpose of work: This paper presents the development of human capital on the labour market of the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship in 2004-2017. Materials and methods: The study uses methods of literature review and comparative analysis based on data provided by Statistics Poland. Results: The results of the analysis show that constant development of human capital is taking place in the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, and its level measured by the number of students and graduates of universities, as well as the number of registered patents is comparable to the average in Poland. The high quality of human capital contributed to achieving above-average economic results and household incomes. Conclusions: Development of human capital and raising professional qualifications at post-graduate studies was particularly important in the period of negative impact on the Polish economy of the financial crises of 2007-2009 and 2010-2012. A combination of higher education and innovative abilities, as well as involvement in R&D contributed to the increased competitiveness of the voivodeship's economy.
People usually associate the protection of waters with the issue of sewage treatment and with the deployment of new technologies which reduce the consumption of water and waste dumping, while the impact of the society's environmental awareness and of the environmental management upon the effectiveness of water protection generally remains underestimated. Slovakia is located in the catchment area of two seas: the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea; river springs and river upper sections are located on its territory. Therefore, the country attaches great importance to the protection of waters. This, supported with the belief that one of the prerequisites of water protection is proper environmental management, has encouraged the authors of this study to tackle the issue mentioned in the topic. They believe that such management requires qualified personnel to be prepared beforehand. The authors present the recent development of environmental education at Slovakian Universities, mainly at the faculty of mechanical engineering, from the implementation of the first environmentally- oriented subjects to the establishment of an independent department. They describe the contemporary state of education in environmental management and audit scheme (EMAS). They also outline the perspectives for its further development. At the same time, they specify the profile of graduates and the educational plans for particular types, forms and branches of study, as well as the personal and laboratory equipment for the scientific and support of the pedagogical process.
Background: In the work of a physician, not only knowledge, and professional skills (technical/hard) are important, but also psychosocial skills (relational/soft). Objectives: The primary goal of the presented research was evaluation of the level (study of the state) of communication competences of physicians and determination of the factors on which this level depends. An additional goal was analysis of the needs and educational possibilities within the existing models of education in the area of interpersonal communication provided in Medical Universities in Poland. Design, setting and participants: Information about educational curricula available on the websites of 12 Medical Universities in Poland were compared. The self-designed questionnaire and adjective check list were subject to standardization from the aspect of reliability and validity. The study groups included 1) occupationally-active physicians (185 respondents) employed in outpatient departments and hospitals, who were covered by a pre-graduate standard educational programme and not trained in interpersonal communication skills as part of their continuing education; 2) medical students covered by a standard educational programme (246 respondents). Results: The conducted analysis of the educational curricula showed a very narrow scope of problems concerning professional medical communication. The results indicating the general state of respondents’ communication competences within all aspects (motivation, skills, knowledge) were relatively low. That clearly indicated an inadequate educational model (students), and lack of post-graduate training in the area of professional medical communication (physicians). Conclusions: The education of students of medicine should cover selected classes within the scope of professional communication competences. These classes should be based on the systemically designed training of skills. The patterning by students of the relations attitudes observed in practising physicians is insufficient. It is necessary to apply a methodical evaluation of communication competences, diagnosing educational needs of occupationally active physicians in this respect. This allows the preparation of courses in accordance with the needs in the area of professional communication competences.
The subject of analysis is the process of entering the labour market, considered in relation to the rural youth in selected post-communist countries (Poland, Romania, Russia, China and Vietnam). The empirical basis are different types of existing data (scientific monographs, papers, national and international reports, official statistics) collected in an international project funded by the National Science Centre, Poland. Transition from education to satisfactory employment which, at present times, takes almost the whole third decade of young people’s lives, is only an external indication of transformations in the labour markets all over the world. In the analysed group of the countries, Poland is the only case where both using new educational offers and positive valuation of living in the countryside occur to the extent unobserved in other countries; nevertheless, Polish young people also see their life opportunities in the cities where they compete for employment. Rural youth in all the analyzed countries usually represents the type of chaotic careers, situating it in segments of informal work, temporary or self-employment.
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The objective of this paper is to assess and forecast (scenario) changes in effectiveness of geography teaching, taking place as a result of transformation of education system. Assessment of education system reform is based on analysis of the survey conducted among teachers and results of the tests taken by students in their second year in secondary junior schools in 2000 and 2010. The scenario assumes mainly a decrease of teaching level and education quality. Discrepancies between theoretical assumptions and school practice, both in relation to curricula, grading system, school-system funding, supervision and management in education are the main threats to decreasing effectiveness of teaching.
The objective of this paper was to test in practical conditions possibilities of the application of GIS to design multi-variant educational pathways in the forest. An attempt was also made to develop a system of management of spatial information which makes it possible to design different alternatives of pathways in a specific forest complex. Nearly every fragment of the forest can be used to create educational paths. Usually, areas characterised by a considerable variability, situated in regions easily accessible for people are selected for such purposes. In the case of a strongly diverse area, the creation of multi-variant paths may be an ideal solution by providing different routes for persons of different ages and levels of education. There can also be theme alternatives presenting different problems or variants intended for selected ways of movement. GIS is very useful when designing many variants of educational pathways in one area. This system facilitates data collection at the phase of field inventory and allows designing many different alternative routes, as well as managing them in the course of their utilization.
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