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The purpose of the article was to assess the innovation of the food industry in the EU Member States. Innovation of the food industry was compared with the level of economic development of countries, innovative enterprises in general, and the importance of the food industry of individual countries in the domestic economy and the EU. The analyzes were based on data from the Eurostat database. The results indicate the occurrence of the relationship between the level of innovation of enterprises of the food industry and the level of economic development of countries and the overall innovation performance of enterprises in the manufacturing sector. In this regard, we observed it in general as a priority for countries of the old EU. In the case of Germany, Italy, Belgium and the UK, it was also heavily associated with countries in the EU food industry. Estonia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Portugal were characterized by high levels of innovation of the food industry despite the relatively low level of GDP per capita and overall enterprise innovation.
Regional development is determined by regional growth factors, their ability of exploitation. Economic base created by different industries is an important developing factor. Their com­binations predetermine region's economic orientation and create assumptions for its future development. The article shows economic base of Slovak regions and on the bases of locali­zation analysis explains disparities of different economic development of individual territory units. Localization analysis belongs to the classic technics of space analysis, which through partial technics (e.g. localization coefficient, specialization coefficient, Lorenz curve) describes the relations between industries and the number of inhabitants.
Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this article is to present the vision of ECLAC - Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and its contribution to the reflections on economic development. Materials and methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study. The first part of the paper contemplates the emergence and evolution of ECLAC thinking during its more than sixty-five years of existence. The second deals with dependency theory, ending with the current thinking proposed by ECLAC. Results: It results in a brief analysis of the moment of the globalization of the economy as an exclusionary process in the history of capitalism, emphasizing the importance of the ECLAC thinking, reinvigorated nowadays. Conclusions: It is considered that the dependency theory has been the great contribution of ECLAC thinking, with the change of focus from a viewpoint only from the prism of the central countries, to an optic from the point of view of the peripheral countries.
The aim of this paper is to assess the level of economic development and foreign relations of the countries forming the economic group Mercosur. Numerous economic indicators are used for the purpose of research and international comparisons. Most important are gross domestic product (GDP), national income, unemployment rate, inflation rate, foreign trade’s and investments’ share in GDP. Other measures, which are based on GDP, may be used for economic growth assessment. These are for example economy internationalization, activity level, openness and dependence and international competitiveness. After a brief introduction to the subject, the manner of calculating the indicators that are used for such an assessment more rarely is described. Then the indicators calculated for the current Mercosur member states are analysed.
The majority of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa is employed in agriculture. Nevertheless, the productivity of the sector is relatively low in comparison with other regions of the world. Based on convergence theory, technology transfer can enhance growth. However, the effective transfer of technology requires a certain absorption capacity from the recipient. Based on the qualitative research on cassava production in Congo Brazzaville, we identified key factors that influence the transfer process. These factors have been divided into four key areas: market, institutions, technology, and social capability. Cassava production value chain in Ignie region served as a case study for the evaluation of technology transfer absorptive capacity in Congo agriculture. We learned that the lack of agro-technical education, shortages in infrastructure, unavailability of business services, and market structure are among the main barriers of the intensification of technology use in agriculture.
In her article, the author looks at the institutional performance of landlocked developing countries (LLDC) during 1996, 2003 and 2012 as she believes that the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms in the countries determine economic development as well as geographical issues. As an assessment of the performance of LLDC on institutional development is a complex issue which evolves over a period of time; a comparative and analytical-synthetic method is believed to be suitable for meeting the objectives of the research paper. We found out that the institutional component is underestimated in the Almaty Programme of Action (APoA) as the United Nations document addressing the special needs of LLDC. We recommend the next Programme of Action focus more on institutional reforms as far as market-friendly institutions are the primary instrument of achieving the economic prosperity of LLDC through raising a civil society, promoting a good business environment, attracting investment and improving trade efficiency.
Biotechnology has potential to enhance the production of agricultural and industrial products for achieving food security and economic development. In agriculture, biotechnology enhances the production of high yielding and disease resistance crops necessary for achieving food security and industrial development. This paper examines the constraints in the application of biotechnology research to the production of cassava in Nigeria. The study utilized primary data collected through questionnaire administration and interview from three research institutions working on cassava biotechnology in Nigeria. Findings showed that weak infrastructural facilities, poor funding, inadequate competent personnel and absence of appropriate legislation are the constraints in the application of biotechnology to cassava production in Nigeria. In addition, one out of the three research institutions has adequate and regular electricity supply through its own captive power plant while the remaining two research institutions relied more on electricity from the national grid. Inadequate funding and shortage of competent personnel were peculiar challenge confronting all the research institutions covered by the study. The study recommends improvement in electricity supply, production of more biotechnology scientists and adequate funding to enhance biotechnology research in Nigeria.
Subject and purpose of work: The main goal of the article is to prove the impact of the Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone (WSSE) "Invest Park" on the development of the Wałbrzych Agglomeration region. Materials and methods: The research carried out in 2017-2018 involved three groups of respondents: Wałbrzych Agglomeration residents, entrepreneurs and local government authorities. The study was supplemented with the information from WSSE "Invest Park". Results: For all three groups of respondents, WSSE "Invest Park" plays an important role in the development of the Wałbrzych Agglomeration. Its creation had the greatest impact on reducing the unemployment rate and also on improving the infrastructure. It is also important that WSSE top many rankings, gaining the first position as one of the best investment areas. Conclusions: Establishing the WSSE in the area of the Wałbrzych Agglomeration has had a significant impact on the development of the region. This development is visible in the activities undertaken in the zone, attracting investors and creating new investment areas.
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The concept of hungaricum is connected to keeping of Hungarian native animal species. The traditional and regional foods are the part of Hungarians national inheritance. These foods usually are hand made which can create place of work in the regions with unfavourable circumstances.
The actuality of our topie is established and justified by the fact that the cohesion policy of the European Union is criticized very much nowadays. In our opinion, the criticism primarily focuses on the low efficiency of the use of EU funds and the increasing gap between the regions. It was mentioned even at the 2010 Open Days events in Brussels that the distribution system of funds in the Union is not perfect, but the current principles, system and the eligibility criteria have to be maintained. The strengthening of the Community and its cohesion policy is one of the priority tasks for the Hungarian EU presidency as they will get more importance due to the future enlargements.
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