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Inappropriate doses and quality of dietary nutrients cause problems in providing the protein and energy balance in a feed ration. Especially, energy value of the feed ration poses many problems to dairy cattle breeders and particularly in the perinatal period, which results in increased incidence of metabolic disorders. These disorders are today one of the most frequent causes of culling of dairy cows, as they underlie most of the disease entities. The aim of this experiment was, therefore, to verify the hypothesis that oleic acid (OA) can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of elevated blood levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in the early stages of lactation in high-yielding Polish Holstein (PHF) cows. The highest blood levels of NEFAs and BHBA of 1.573 and 1.116 mmolL⁻¹, respectively, was associated with the highest content of OA in milk fat. High concentrations of both NEFAs and BHBA, indicating explicitly the occurrence of the metabolic disease in cows, occur when the content of OA in milk exceeds 24g 100g⁻¹ of fat. Oleic acid may be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of elevated blood levels of NEFAs and BHBA in the early stages of lactation in high-yielding PHF cows.
The response of five positive acute phase proteins (APP) was evaluated in pigs after infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bbr). Twelve piglets from a herd with high health status were used. Six of them were infected intranasally with Bbr (3.4 x 10⁸ cfu). The standard bacteriological methods and PCR were used for detection of Bbr in nasal swabs, lungs, and bronchoalveolar fluids. Serum APP concentrations were measured using commercial tests. Various kinetics of response was identified within the APP tested. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A was characterised as a ven fast, transient responder, while haptoglobin as a fast and very prolonged responder. Pig major acute phase protein was characterised as a fast, protracted responder. Alfa-l-acid-glycoprotein did not respond significantly after inoculation. No correlations were found between levels of APP in serum and changes in the turbinates. On the basis of the investigation we cannot state that evaluation of APP concentrations in serum may provide useful information about severity of atrophic rhinitis. However, the concentration of most investigated APP increased after inoculation. Thus, APP measurement could be the primary screening test prior to specific disease diagnosis. "APP-high" animals may be chosen next for pathogen-specific diagnostics. Moreover, monitoring of serum APP concentrations may be useful for selecting clinically healthy pigs before integration into an uninfected herd.
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