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Diarrhoea, dysentery and other diseases due to other enteric bacteria have reportedly been found to resist chemotherapeutic treatment in some West African communities with fatal consequences in some cases. This study was carried out to determine multidrug resistance patterns of Enterobacteria isolates from processed ready-to-eat foods. Indigenously processed food samples of different types were collected from two Francophone and two Anglophone countries in the West African sub-region during the wet and dry seasons of a sampling period of two years. Enterobacteria were isolated from the samples using standard techniques. Amplification of chromosomal DNA of the isolates using the Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analyses. All isolates showed resistance to cefuroxime (90.7%), nitrofurantoin (90.6%), augmentin (86.1%) and ampicillin (51.2%) while all were sensitive to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. There was amplification indicating the presence of invA gene at a position of 240 bp. There was no amplification at all for the spvC gene in any of the isolates tested. Multidrug resistant enteric bacteria in these foods containing the invA gene could lead to infections with uncontrolled antibiotic use. The presence of enteric bacteria in the foods analyzed which provide undeniable evidence of the poor microbiological quality of these foods could form the basis of a useful databank in formulation of food-borne disease control and prevention strategies.
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of biologically active substances in intramural neurons supplying the ileum and large intestines (caecum, spiral colon and descending colon) in normal (control) pigs and in pigs suffering from dysentery. Higher numbers of galanin (GAL)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive (-IR) neuronal somata were found in the myenteric (MP), and outer (OSP) and inner submucus (ISP) intestinal nerve plexuses in dysenteric pigs as compared to control animals. Additionally, the density of substance P (SP)- and VIP-IR nerve fibres in the studied tissues was higher in dysenteric than in controls animals, whereas the number of CGRP-IR nerve fibres remained unchanged, or even was lower in the experimental pigs. The number of SP-IR nerve cell bodies in the MP of all intestinal segments studied was comparable in dysenteric and control pigs. An increased number of SP-IR perikarya were observed in OSP and ISP of the ileum, cecum and centripetal turns; whereas the number of SP-IR somata was lower in the plexuses of centrifugal turns and the descending colon. The number of nerve fibres found in all layers of the intestinal wall was lower in dysenteric pigs. Each of the intramural plexuses in all the intestinal segments studied contained less than 1% of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-IR neurones and this characteristic was similar both in dysenteric and control pigs. The number of NPY-IR nerve fibres increased slightly in the plexuses as well as in both muscular layers and mucosa.
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