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Belly flaps of frozen cod fillets not suitable for consumption because of parasitic contamination were used as a raw material to obtain peptones for microbiological purposes. Hydrolysis on a laboratory scale was being performed for 6 hours in a reaction mixture; it contained 5 parts of minced fish meat and 1 part of minced porcine pancreas (temperature 40°C, pH 7.0). The hydrolysates contained 0.8% of total nitrogen, 0.1% of alfa-amino nitrogen and 3.8% of ash. The colour of the hydrolysates was similar to that of standard peptones. Their slightly perceptible fish smell was not assessed as a negative feature. The growth promoting activity of the cod peptones was compared with that of Bacto-Tryptone, Bacto-Tryptose, Bacto-Peptone, and Proteose-Peptone. The growth of E. coli and Staph. aureus strains was better on media based on the fish peptones than that on commercially available peptones.
The aim of the study was to establish the optimum conditions for recovering non-collagen proteins from the backbones of cods by solvent extraction. The proteins were extracted in three different ways: twice in 24 h with 5% sodium chloride or 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution, or firstly using 5% sodium chloride solution over 24 h, and then 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution in 24 h. Different ratios of backbone to solution were tested, 1 : 2; 1 : 4; 1 : 6; 1 : 8; 1 : 10; 1 : 12. All procedures were performed at 4°C. 0.1 M solution of sodium hydroxide was more effective in extracting protein than 5% solution of sodium chloride. A 100% yield of non-collagen protein was recovered from fresh backbone by double 24 h extraction with sodium hydroxide solution, while this was 70%with sodium chloride solution. About 80% of the protein was soluble when extraction was conducted in the first stage with sodium chloride solution and then with sodium hydroxide solution. After 5 months of storing the backbone at -18°C, protein recovery decreased by about 40% for sodium chloride solution and about 20% for sodium hydroxide solution, and about 30% for mixed extraction. The extraction yield had no influence on the ratio of extracted material to solution. Collagen losses during extraction did not exceed 0,4%.
The examinations were done on 40 cods fished at the Baltic sea during a scientific cruise of the „Profesor Siedlecki” boat. The level of specific antibodies against bacteria pathogenic for cods such as Vibrio sp., Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. was determined by passive haemagglutination test using strains isolated from sick cods fished during the cruise and laboratory strains. Antibodies were found in 50% of sera of normal and 20% of sera of sick cods. The titre of antibodies was low, the highest titre was 1:16. Antibodies against Vibrio sp. were most prevalent. Less often were found antibodies against Pseudomonas sp. and Aeromonas sp.
Anisakis simplex is a zoonotic nematode which can cause human anisakiasis. Furthermore, A. simplex allergens, even of dead larvae, can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Due to the frequent occurrence in fish muscles and pathogenicity, A. simplex is a serious danger for consumers of fish products. Therefore, it is necessary to examine fish and fish products for the presence of these parasites before placing them on the market. The purpose of this paper is the review of the methods for A. simplex detection in fish and fishery products. These methods differ according to their effectiveness and type of the target analyte. They also have different suitability for examination of matrices with different properties. Moreover, this paper presents legislation associated with A. simplex detection.
Porównano zawartość rtęci w dorszach, śledziach i szprotach poławianych w południowej części Bałtyku w latach 1971-1997.
Xanthan gum concentration of 02 and 0.4% and combination of both concentrations with 0.02% citric acid were used to treat minced cod muscles. Effects of the treatments on physical and chemical properties of the minces during storage at -25°C were followed.
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