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The investigations were carried out in the years 2000- -2004 on permanent grassland in Czarny Potok (Beskidy Mts.- 650 a. s. 1.). Botanical census was conducted by using Klapp’s method on 26 plots (18 random selected plots and 8 controls). The whole floristic material was subjected to numerical classification. As a result, three main types of plots with the dominating species of: Juncus effusus (1), Cirsium arvense (2) and Deschampsia caespitosa (3), were distinguished. Poa trivialis was the dominating species of the control plots. Results of the floristic and habitat analysis confirmed that the main factors determining the formation of meadow and pasture communities are as follows: the method of use, water relations and soil nutrient availability. It was found that idle glades are characterised by degraded sward of the average (the sward patches with the domination of Deschampsia caespitosa) or low use value (the swards patches with the domination of Cirsium arvense and Juncus effusus). The deterioration of the feeding value of the fallow plots is an effect of their high weed infestation, which in turn results, in this case, from habitat changes as a consequence of the cessation of use and earlier errors made in cultivation measures. Both high and low soil moisture, with improper meadow management, accelerated the weed infestation of the sward, what in turn lowers its use value. Cutting and fertilisation positively affect the use value of plant habitats, what was confirmed by the botanical and habitat analysis of the control plots with the domination of Poa trivialis, which is known to be of good use value.
Over 2007–2008 in kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeskie, the study Province was carried out into the species composition, abundance and dominance of butterfly cartepillars (Lepidoptera) feeding on 4 populations of dwarf everlasts Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. The research showed that the plants were infested with butterflies representing the following families: Bucculatricidae, Coleophoridae, Lasiocampidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae. In the studied habitats the most common were: Bucculatrix gnaphaliella, Eublemma minutata, Pyrausta aerealis, Coleophora gnaphalii, Vanessa cardui and caterpillars from the genus Cnephassia.
The occurrence of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on a balk, field grove and ecoton was studied. Individuals of rove beetles were captured into Barber’s pitfall traps from May to October 2007 and 2009. During the investigation period 733 beetles were collected (42 species). The eudominants were Philonthus addendus, Aleochara curtula, Philonthus succicola and Oxypoda acuminata. The class of dominants was represented by one species – Philonthus decorus, which is an important entomophagous beetle of Operophtera brumata. The zoogeographical analysis revealed that the largest number of species represented the European element (33.3%).
Efficacy of protection of winter wheat against pathogenic fungi causing many dangerous diseases depends to a high degree on environmental conditions in a given vegetative period. Thus monitoring their development while considering present meteorogical conditions in a related period makes it possible to determine a degree of endangerment of cultures by selected fungal species, and prevent their development. During the studies conducted in the Regional Experimental Station of Plant Protection Institute – National Research Institute Grodzisk Mazowiecki, on the fields of Agricultural Experimental Station SGGW Chylice, Mazowieckie voivodeship, a high differentiation of weather conditions was recorded, especially at the time of a high demand of plants for water (April–July). On leaves of winter wheat occured at the highest intensity septoria leaf spot (Septoria spp.) and tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis). However brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) did not present a particular danger. Ears of winter wheat were mainly colonized by S. nodorum, the causal agent of glume blotch. The occurence of ear fuzariosis (Fusarium spp.) and sooty moulds (Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp.) was also dependent on weather conditions. On stem base of winter wheat eyespot (Tapesia yallundae) and fungi of Fusarium species presented the highest danger. All the above listed pathogens can be of a high endangerment for the amount and quality of winter wheat grain yield.
Experiments were established on individual farmer's fields in Podlaskie province. They were performed using randomized block design in four replications. Dominant weeds were: Elymus repens, Viola arvensis, Chenopodium album, Galeopsis tetrahit, Artemisia vulgaris, Matricaria inodora. Applied herbicides limited weed infestation in varying degree. The most effective against weeds present in sorghum were Lumax 537,5 SE (regardless of the date of application) and the Boreal 58 WG (regardless of the dose), which controlled the V. arvensis, M. inodora, A. vulgaris, Rumex acetosella, G. tetrahit, Raphanus raphanistrum, Ch. album in 100%. Sensitive to Emblem 20 WG and Mustang 306 SE proved to be M. inodora, R. raphanistrum, Ch. album. Proponit 720 EC well controlled M. inodora, R. acetosella, R. raphanistrum. Guardian Max 840 EC regardless of the date of treatment was effective against V. arvensis, R. acetosella, Ch. album and A. vulgaris. M. inodora showed an average resistance to herbicides or was resistant to their action.
Observations of thrips were carried out in 2007–2009 in the Botanical Garden – Bydgoszcz and in three commercial nurseries: Braniewo, Kobrzyniec Nowy and Topola Królewska on ornamental grasses. The insects were collected either as samples taken directly from plants or using sweep net. Ten thrips species were recorded in plant samples and seven or eight in sweep net samples. Dominant species occurring on ornamental grasses were: Aptinothrips rufus, Chirothrips manicatus and Haplothrips aculeatus. The largest number of grass species was occupied by Aptinothrips rufus, A. stylifer, Anaphotrips obscurus, Chirothrips manicatus and Limothrips cerealium collected directly from plants. However among sweep net samples the most abundant were: Chirothrips manicatus, Haplothrips aculeatus, Limothrips cerealium and L. denticornis.
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