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Based on protein polymorphism and results obtained with RAPD-PCR and ISSR-PCR methods, the domestic and wild Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (14 and 7 species, respectively) were compared. The marker-specific species differentiation in domestic and wild species was observed, leading to the hypothesis of the “subgenome” existing in domestic species. It is assumed that “subgenome” contains certain genes encoding important proteins and enzymes. In the past, the high variation of “subgenome” could play an essential role in domestication, leading to the wide morphological differentiation of contemporary domestic species.
The expansion of invasive plants along the transport routes is a problem especially noticeable in the regional scale. Even if the sites of species result from direct human intervention, it is difficult to identify the responsible person. One of new sites of Fallopia japonica in Lower Silesia was established as a result of road reparation works.
In Lower Silesia, three goldenrod species introduced from North America are found: Solidago gigantea Aiton (late goldenrod), S. canadensis L. (Canadian goldenrod) and S. graminifolia (L.) Elliott. (grass-leaved goldenrod). A native species is also found: Solidago virgaurea L. (common goldenrod). Distribution of these species was surveyed using sampling plots in a 10x10 km grid. The impact of increasing cover of goldenrods on biodiversity of patches of invaded vegetation was assessed. Biodiversity was described by the number of co-occurring vascular plant species inside 100 m2 plots placed in vegetation patches with goldenrods. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was also calculated. The habitat preferences of particular Solidago species were examined. The most numerous goldenrod species in Lower Silesia were Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea, which were found in a similar number of plots. Distribution of thes two species were clumped in spatial scale of the whole study area. Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea do not differ with respect to their habitat preferences. The number of plant species as well as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index significantly decreased with increasing cover of S. canadensis and S. gigantea.
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