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The paper presents ranges of negative pressure fluctuations in the teat chamber of a cluster in the Fullwood pipeline machine for milking goats. Investigations were carried out at different points of the pipeline at variable number of clusters, what allowed us to determine the influence of these parameters on negative pressure fluctuations. On the basis of the obtained results we came into conclusion that the number of clusters influences negative pressure fluctuations in the teat chamber, which are caused by the clusters, and pecorded negative pressure fluctuations are in the range of 0 - 40 kPa (at nominal pressure 36 kPa).
The paper presents a method of measuring temperature of a milk and an air mixture in a teat cup during machine milking. With a newly introduced concept of a „time-impuls” we have presented characteristics of the outflow of milk from a teat. Measurements were done with 4 sensors placed in the liner channel, what restricts the stream flow ouside the measurement area. The frequency of the measurement was 5/sec. The increase of measurement frequency above the pulsation rate enables us to measure momentary values of the temperature of milk and air mixture. The analysis of the obtained empirical data and of „time impulses” makes it possible to determine time structure of the outflow of milk from the teat.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dairy herd type (small-type farms, big dairy herds), milking system (milking parlor, milking bucket, milking pipeline) and maintenance system of cows (free stalls, tie stalls) on the presence of yeast mastitis in cows. The studies included the cases of mastitis mycotica diagnosed in the Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment in the years 1996-2009. In total, 1982 cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian breed, 60 cows of Simental breed, and 177 cows of the Montbeliard breed were examined. Animals belonged to 34 dairy herds in various regions of the Poland. The percentage of cows and quarters with yeast mastitis in small-type farms was (respectively) 3.57%, and 1.05% while in the large dairy herds only 0.65% and 0.18%. Differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). An average 3.74% of cows and 1.11% of the quarters showed mastitis mycotica in farms with a tie stall maintenance system, while in the free stall maintenance system (respectively) 0.82% and 0.22%. Differences were statistically significant. The occurrence of yeast mastitis due to a milking system was the following (cows and quarters): 5.47% and 1.66 for farms using milking bucket, 2.21% and 0.69% in dairy farms with milking pipeline and 0.71% and 0.2% in the dairy farms with milking in a parlor. Statistically significant differences were found between the type of milking bucket and milking parlor. The studies show that yeast mastitis (in subclinical and clinical form) mostly appeared in small-type dairy farms, with milking buckets and tie stalls.
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