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The aim of the paper was to present the economic situation of farms in the countries of the EU at two different moments in time, and to attempt to assess changes in their situations in the considered period. Analyses were carried out on the basis of FADN data. The object of the study was the economic situation, including production potential, production and economic results and financial indicators. Based on selected characteristics, cluster analysis was performed for 2004 and 2013 and the economic situations of created typological groups was presented. It was found that in both the given years agriculture in the EU countries can be divided into several types. In the studied decade, convergence in the economic situation of farms in the EU was observed. Most Czech, Estonian, and Latvian entities benefited from this process.
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the research was to determine the diversity of social development of all communes in the Podkarpackie province in two research periods of 2003 and 2013. Materials and methods: All functions such as LHDI were tested. The variant was used to group communes in the variant, comparing the Hellwig’s Taxonomic Development Meter based on the results analysis. Selection of own diagnostics was done in a natural way using TMR measures. Results: There is a positive decline in the number of communes in the lowest class by two units. At the same time, the number of four of two socially most developed groups decreased, and the number of communes with an average development level for growth. Communes that have maintained the position of socially the strongest in the region for years are: Krosno and Boguchwała. The largest increase over the analyzed years was recorded in Rzeszów, Trzebownisko, Przemyśl and Ostrów communes. Conclusions: The indicator analysis shows that the province is developing. This development is very diverse in a particular society in the Podkarpacie region, central and north-west.
The main aim of this study was to explore the potential of agritourism development in the Kościerski region. The study also aimed to establish the sampled farmers’ interest in and satisfaction with agritourism as a form of income diversification. A survey was carried out among all farm owners engaging in agritourism activity in the Kościerski region (44 persons). The research tool was a questionnaire which identified the level of interest and satisfaction of respondents with an agritourism business. The research shows that getting involved in agritourism gives the opportunity to diversify farm income in the Kościerski Region. The natural and agricultural conditions are conducive, and the farmers are trying to provide an adequate standard of accommodation and quality services.
The article shows the scale and reasons of regional disparities in the development of selected activities in multifunctional farmers in Poland, which are a an example of the diversification of farm activities. Moreover, they presented the benefits for farmers as a result of taking up and pursuit of selected multifunctional activities. Empirically, the paper is based on primary and secondary data. The primary data is derived from the findings of a survey carried out among farmers (interview with a questionnaire), whereas the secondary data comes from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The findings of the research show high regional diversification of the development level of farmers’ nonfarming activity. The highest discrepancy was observed in the case of the percentage of organic farms in the total number of farms. Less intense were those in the case of the share of agritourism farm households, whereas the lowest regional differences were recorded for the farm households holding its own direct sales scheme of farm produce. Another important finding from the survey of the farmers running nonfarming economic activity is that the highest advantages of such activity are the increase in farm household income and improvement of the farm family living standard. However, farmers found it difficult to observe any advantages of nonfarming economic activity in rural areas.
In contemporary sport the results of objective studies make the ground for effective training and are the proper way to success. Since the study results have been appearing of the women’s play, concerning analysis of the structure and effectiveness of the match activities, there is a need for comparisons between the female and male play. The material for the study comprised all 15 matches played in the 6th Women European Championship, England 2005, and 27 matches played during the men world championship, Korea and Japan 2002. The study method was the systematic external and categorized observation conducted with the help of own study tool - the observation forms. Statistical analysis of the study results was done using the Statistica software. The assessment was used of the differences between the mean values of the passes and shots accuracy coefficients, and of their technical elements. In the analysis, the diversification has been found regarding the structure of game at the main technical elements like passes and shots, between the female and male teams. Significant diversifications concerned the passes accuracy in association with most of the analysed technical elements.
Over the past few years, diversification and pluriactivity of farmers and farming households has been increasing in EU-27countries. But the type of diversification activity encouraged, as well as their scale, appears to be very different across the EU. Therefore the analysis of spatial diversification of other gainful activity of farm households in EU countries is the main purpose of this paper. 27 UE countries described with 9 variables relating to the non-agricultural activity of farms are the analysed objects. The carried survey helps to show spatial disparities and to discriminate groups of countries with a similar farmers non-agricultural activity. There were used chosen methods of multidimensional comparative analysis which enable clustering the multicriterial objects: Czekanowskis diagram, Wards method, and k-mean algorithm. As a final result there were formed 5 clusters with countries about similar level of farm diversification. It may be stated, that a development of diversification of agricultural holdings is correlated with a spatial arrangement. Neighbouring countries belong to the same clusters of other gainful activity kinds.
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Since accession to the EU, Polish dairy production has experienced dynamic changes in all spheres of its performance. In this dynamic environment, farmers had to adjust their development strategies in order to survive on the competitive market. This paper describes farmers’ attitudes towards the future in a context of strategy formulation. Results of the present study suggest that most dairy farmers in Mazovian region continue development towards increased specialisation and production scale. The study indicates that labour and human capital features could hardly explain farmers’ strategy choices. However, what seems to play a role is farm and production characteristics. It was more the milk production scale and herd size rather than utilised land that decided the further path of development. Choice of strategy should be strongly facilitated also by investments undertaken on the farm. The investments have been financed mostly from external capital – bank loans and EU investment funds. Thus, access to credit seems to be another important determinant of farm development. It was however remarkable that farmers perceived the availability of these resources as quite easy, especially in case of EU funds. As the most significant barriers to further development, farmers indicated low availability of land and insufficient qualified labour.
The study was carried out in 2010 by students on the basis of the joint project of Agrocampus Ouest in Rennes and Poznań University of Life Sciences. The aim of the study was to compare the small farms diversification in Wielkopolska (Poland) and Brittany (France) and also to compare an influence of this diversification on the viability of the production. The results revealed, that diversified business activity of the small farms, increases their incomes. In Wielkopolska most of the small farms run the agrotourist business combined with a direct sale of resources. Wielkopolska is also a region, where agrotourism is a dominant form of business at small farms. On the other hand in Brittany most of the small farms make the additional profits on a direct sale of resources and the manufactured regional products.
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