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The paper attempts to synthesize the determinants which may influence the diurnal rhythm of blooming. Additionally, I tried to explore and bring together topics that concern blooming and have always been considered separately because of their origin in different disciplines. The following species were included: Hydrangea arborescens L subsp. discolor (Raf.), H. paniculata Sieb., Viburnum opulus L, Chaenomeles japonica Lindl., Knautia arvensis L., Adonis vernalis L., Aster saggitifolius Willd., Taraxacum officinale L. Chelidonium majus L. The taxons were observed in Lublin (51 08’ – 51 18’ N and 21 27’ – 21 41’ E) in the years 2001-2007. The blooming of species was determined at least for two vegetation seasons. During observations all flowers developed in one-hour intervals were counted. The diurnal dynamics of blooming differs among species and is modified by different endogenous and exogenous factors. The endogenous determinants of diurnal dynamics of blooming are morphological diversity of flowers (fertility or sterility) within species or heterostyly. The different pattern of blooming succour different mechanisms which prevent self-pollination (Chaenomeles japonica Lindl., Knautia arvensis L.). The abiotic factors, such as day length and temperature during the vegetation season, influence the change in the process of diurnal dynamics of blooming (e. g. Taraxacum officinale, Chelidonium majus)
Few studies examined the stomatal conductance (gs) characteristics of grapevines with an emphasis on daily climatic responses. In the present study, diurnal measurements on leaf temperature and gs of three grapevine cultivars (Alphonse Lavallée, Crimson Seedless and Italia) were carried out. The leaf temperature values for the cultivars at 08:30 were 25.0 ±1°C and it increased to a maximum value between 12:00 and 14:50 p.m. After an almost steady course, it decreased along with the decrease in ambient temperature. The gs values increased from morning (08:30 a.m.) to mid-morning (10:30 a.m.) for all the cultivars. After reaching a peak level at mid-morning, the gs decreased gradually from the mid-morning throughout the afternoon. In the morning, the highest and the least gs values were obtained from Italia (232 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) and Crimson Seedless (149.6 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) cultivars. At around 10:30, the gs for Italia, Crimson Seedless and Alphonse Lavallée were at the highest levels with their valus 287.7, 262.1 and 242.0 mmol H2O m-2 s-1, respectively. The last measurements on gs at around 16:10 varied from to 96.7 (Italia) to 112.0 mmol H2O m-2 s-1 (Alphonse Lavallée). During the daily time course, the gs depended mainly on irradiance. Tleaf showed a strong relationship with Tair for all the cultivars. There was a strong, but negative correlation between leaf temperature and air humidity for all the cultivars.
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