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Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. slovenica (Dom.) Dom. has been recorded in Western Caucasus at southern slopes of the Abishira-Akhuba range (Karachay-Cherkessia Autonomous Republic belonging to the Russian Federation). This new information is very important supplement dealing with the distribution of this taxon, because the area of its known distribution was moved very strongly to the East.
This work presents a list of localities for the following species: Anastrophyllum michauxii, Campylopus introflexus, Cephaloziella elachista, Cinclidotus fontinaloides, Cololejeunea calcarea, Dicranum viride, Didymodon spadiceus, Fissidens dubius var. mucronatus, Fossombronia wondraczekii, Fuscocephaloziopsis macrostachya, Hypnum cupressiforme var. subjulaceum, Lophozia ascendens, Mesoptychia heterocolpos, Nowellia curvifolia, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Saccobasis polita, and Trichocolea tomentella.
In a mesotrophic, shallow, macrophyte-dominated lake, stable plant cover can be attractive for zooplankton species being a grazer or a prey; dense submerged vegetation, Chara beds in particular, can offer a day-time refuge for cladocerans and some adult copepods. The former use this shelter also at night; on the contrary, young stages of Copepoda distinctively avoided both types of plant covered areas during the day and migrated towards open water. That might resulted from the increased grazing upon zooplankton. The pressure of predatory fish in open water probably forced young fish to seek for a shelter. As Chara beds are too dense to be penetrated, they preferred emergent plant zone. That might encourage copepods to undertake reversed DHM. The present study suggests a significant role of plant cover on diurnal zooplankton distribution. Dense charophyte patches could offer a daytime refuge for cladocerans, and some adult forms of Copepoda, while both groups of planktonic invertebrates did not take the advantage of emergent macrophytes cover to avoid fish predation.
In this paper the problem of non-parametric estimation of the probability density function for hydrological data is considered. For a given random sample X1, X2, ..., Xn we define an estimator fˆn of the density function ƒ based on a function K of a real variable – the so-called kernel of a distribution – and a properly chosen number sequence {hn} from the interval (0, ∞). This estimator of density function of a random variable X under more general assumptions is known in the statistical literature as the Parzen-Rosenblatt estimator or the kernel estimator. The method of kernel estimation presented in the paper has been applied to determine the probability distribution of the groundwater level based on long-term measurements made in the melioration research carried out at the foothill object Długopole.
In a field survey of Poland in 1991-1994, signs of otters Lutra lutra {Linnaeus, 1758) were found at 1655 (79.5%) of the 2083 investigated sites. Widespread in most of the country, otters were especially common in the lakelands (N Poland), along the western and eastern borders, and in the Karpaty/Carpathian Mts (SE Poland). Two large areas with only few positive sites were identified in Śląsk/Silesia (SW Poland) and central Poland. Otters inhabit the majority of large rivers in Poland, except some sections of Odra/Oder and Wista/Vistula. The dynamics of the otter population in Poland in recent decades is difficult to investigate, mainly due to the scarce question­naire data from the sixties and seventies, however, present records suggest that the otter has extended its range, and is no longer an endangered species in Poland.
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