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Developmental stability of the progeny of pregnant female rats Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 kept under different conditions was studied. In two experimental groups, females were exposed to social stress by keeping them in crowded cages at different stages of pregnancy, from the 1st to the 15th and from the 16th to the 21th days, respectively. In the control group, pregnant females were kept under normal conditions. Fluctuating asymmetry of 20 skull characters (number of foramina for small blood vessels and nerves) was used as a measure of developmental stability. Variance of the difference in foramen number between the left and right sides of the skull (1-r) as well as mean number of asymmetrical traits per individual revealed an increase of fluctuating asymmetry in both experimental groups compared with the control group. These results imply the deterioration of developmental stability under impact of social stress.
The evaluation of Chenopodium quinoa cultivation effects in Poland has been compared with European research results. It was found that the conditions in Europe are favorable to Chenopodium quinoa cultivation. Poland has the mean length of the vegetation period. The maximum value of this trait was found in Sweden. The conditions in Bydgoszcz (Poland) are very favorable to the cultivation for green matter and favorable as far as the seed yield is concerned. The most favorable seed yield was recorded in Greece.
Based on the evaluation of selected varieties of Chenopodium quinoa, their requirements were identifi ed; it was shown which varieties demonstrated the best effects in what conditions. It was found that the best varieties for Europe’s conditions were E-DK-4-PQCIP and RU-5-PQCIP. E-DK-4-PQCIP variety showed the best effects under the conditions of cluster II which included e.g. Bydgoszcz (Poland) and cluster IV which included Southern European countries (Greece and Italy), while the best effects found in RU-5-PQCIP variety were identifi ed in cluster I which included Sweden. E-DK-4-PQCIP variety in cluster II showed a very high yield of green matter and a mean seed yield, and in cluster IV – a very high seed yield and a high yield of green matter
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