Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik

Assessment of the quality of diet of Alzheimer’s disease individuals living at homes and in nursing homes

100%

Wlodarek D., Glabska D.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

2013

|

tom 64

|

nr 3

Background. In case of many individuals, decrease of body mass is observed during aging, that is often in elderly living in nursing homes. It is especially important for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), when decrease of body mass, resulting in malnutrition. Objective. The aim of the study was the assessment of the quality of diet of AD individuals living at homes and in nursing homes, in comparison with a control group Material and methods. In the study participated 160 individuals with and without AD, living at home or in nursing homes. Assessment of diet of individuals living at homes was based on self-reported data from one-day dietary recall. Assessment of diet of individuals living in nursing homes was based on one-day menu from nursing homes accompanied by information about snacking between meals. The diets were assessed on the basis of qualitative meal classification method of Bielińska and Kulesza. Results. Individuals living in nursing homes consumed meals more often than living at homes, while AD did not have any impact on it. Individuals consuming fruits and vegetables not often enough were in all the groups, however, in case of individuals living at homes it was serious problem. Consuming animal products to almost all main meals was observed in case of many individuals in all analyzed groups. Composition of majority of main meals and small amount of lunches and afternoon snacks was rational. Conclusions. Improperly balanced diet following observed not only in a group of AD individuals but also of ones without dementia (both living at homes and in nursing homes), may result in dietary deficiencies.

2

Population parameters of indigenous populations of Myocastor coypus: the effect of hunting pressure

84%

Guichon M. L., Cassini M. H.

Acta Theriologica

|

2005

|

tom 50

|

nr 1

The coypu or nutriaMyocastor coypus Molina, 1782 is a semiaquatic rodent intensively harvested for fur in its native region. We studied population parameters at four sites differing in hunting pressure and characterised hunting activity in north-eastern Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Our interviews with hunters, local inhabitants and wildlife managers revealed that hunting is a cultural tradition in the countryside with the coypu being used as meat and, fur and the young occasionally used as pets. Quarterly live trapping captured a high proportion of all coypus present at each site. In sites with higher hunting pressure, low density of coypus was associated with high population losses and immigration. I n these sites the proportion of juveniles and pregnant females was similar to that obtained at sites with no hunting pressure. No foraging deficiencies were evident from diet quality analysis. Our results suggest that harvesting determines the dynamics of coypu populations in, this region where hunting pressure can be assessed by accessibility of hunting sites, their distance to urban or rural settlements, effective control of hunting, and human population density of the area.

3

Does digestion rate affect diet selection ? A study in Octodon degus, a generalist herbivorous rodent

84%

Bizinovic F., Torres-Contreras H.

Acta Theriologica

|

1998

|

tom 43

|

nr 2

Dietary chemistry and an animal digestive physiology should be considered in any explanation of behavioral patterns of food use, as both influence dietary preference. In the degu Octodon degus (Molina, 1782), a generalist herbivorous rodent inhabiting central Chile, we determine the profitablity of natural food-plant items by measuring digestive characteristics, such as retention time and assimilation rate while also considering the effects of food chemistry. Under our experimental conditions, degus seem to select food based on at least two complementary factors, plant nutritional value (water content and the nitrogen:fiber ratio) and digestive function. We found that dry-matter intake was negatively and significantly correlated with mean retention time, that is O. degus ate more food when mean retention time was shorter and vice versa. A higher food intake concomitant with a shorter mean retention time, allow degus to process more food per unit time resulting in a higher assimilation rate than alternative food sources. We conclude that both food quality and the digestive physiology of animals should be considered in explaining the underlying processes of foraging ecology.

4

Seasonal composition and quality of red deer Cervus elaphus diets in northeastern China

84%

Chen H., Ma J., Li F., Sun Z., Wang H., Luo L., Li F.

Acta Theriologica

|

1998

|

tom 43

|

nr 1

Seasonal composition and quality of diets of red deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 were investigated, basing on microhistolagical analysis of composite fecal samples in the Less Xingan Mountains, northeastern China. Red deer consumed more graminoids (46%) in spring, shifted to forbs (45%) in summer, and returned to graminoids (35%) in autumn. Availability and high quality [high level of crude protein (CP), and low level of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in farbs in summer] appeared to be two key factors causing these changes in diets. Winter diets were dominated by browses (74%) and the horsetails Equisetum hiernale (21%). Three forbs (Oxalix corniculata, Caltha palustris, Agrimonia pilosa) were prevalent in diets during snow-free seasons, and aspen (Populus spp.) was an important browse species in all seasons, especially in winter (32%). Forage and diet quality changed seasonally. Dietary CP and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) declined significantly from spring to winter (from 19.6 to 6.4% and from 61.1 to 32.9%, respectively). In contrast, dietary NDF and ADF increased from 55.6 to 69.9% and from 27.9 to 54.3%, respectively. Red deer diets showed different patterns of seasonal variation in mineral contents. In most cases, dietary Ca, P and K were adequate, but Na appeared deficient all the year round. It is concluded that red deer in this region are typical mixed feeders and their diet shows seasonal changes in quality, similar to those of North American wapiti. Although red deer may have enough protein in most seasons, energy might be a key limiting factor in severe winters.

5

Nutritional knowledge, diet quality and breast or lung cancer risk: a case-control study of adults from Warmia and Mazury region in Poland

67%

Hawrysz I., Krusinska B., Slowinska M. A., Wadolowska L., Czerwinska A., Biernacki M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

2016

|

tom 67

|

nr 1

Background. Knowledge on proper nutrition favours the creation of pro-healthy nutritional behaviours of people. Studies related to the nutritional knowledge of adults, diet quality and incidence of breast or lung cancers are limited. Objective. Analysis of the relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge, diet quality and risk of breast cancer in women or lung cancer in men from the Warmia and Mazury region in Poland. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 202 subjects aged 23-80 years, including 107 women (17 cases of breast cancer) and 95 men (54 cases of lung cancer) from the Warmia and Mazury region in Poland. Nutritional knowledge was evaluated with the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviours (QEB), including 25 statements. Based on the frequency of the consumption of 16 food items, two diet quality indices were created: the pro-Healthy-Diet-Index-8 (pHDI-8) and the non-Healthy-Diet-Index-8 (nHDI-8). The values of pHDI-8 and nHDI-8 were calculated on the basis of the sum of the daily frequency of consumption of the selected food items and expressed as times/day. The Odds Ratio (OR) of both breast cancer or lung cancer in relation to the level of nutritional knowledge was calculated based on a logistic regression analysis. Results. The incidence of breast or lung cancer in the bottom, middle and upper tertile of nutritional knowledge was 57.6%, 32.6% and 15.8%, respectively. As nutritional knowledge grew in the subsequent tertiles, pHDI-8 was on the increase (2.63 vs. 3.78 vs. 4.22 times/day) and n-HDI-8 was on the decrease (1.32 vs. 1.21 vs. 0.94 times/day). In the upper tertile of nutritional knowledge, the Odds Ratio for the incidence of breast or lung cancers varied from 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02; 0.17; p<0.05, with adjustment for cancer type and age) to 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04; 0.69; p<0.05, with adjustment for age and sex) when compared to the bottom tertile (OR=1.00). In the middle tertile of nutritional knowledge, the Odds Ratio of both cancers varied from 0.27 (95% CI: 0.12; 0.62, p<0.05, with adjustment for cancer type and age) to 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18; 0.71, p<0.05, variables without adjustment) when compared to the bottom tertile. Conclusions. A higher level of nutritional knowledge was associated with the higher quality of a pro-healthy diet and lower risk of breast cancer in women or lung cancer in men. In contrast, a lower level of nutritional knowledge was associated with a lower diet quality and a higher risk of both types of cancers.

6

Palatability and consumption of patty-formulated pollen and pollen substitutes and their effects on honeybee colony performance

67%

Saffari A., Kevan P. G., Atkinson J. L.

Journal of Apicultural Science

|

2010

|

tom 54

|

nr 2

7

Diet quality affects allergic peritonitis in mice

67%

Chadzinska M., Broniek B., Radwan J.

Folia Biologica

|

2011

|

tom 59

|

nr 1-2

8

Competition in sympatric white-tailed deer and cattle populations in southern pine forests of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA

67%

Jenks J. A., Leslie D. M., Lochmiller R. L., Melchiors M. A., McCollum III F. T.

Acta Theriologica

|

1996

|

tom 41

|

nr 3

Inferences on competitive interactions between white-tailed deer Odocoileus uirgi- nianus (Zimmermann, 1780) and cattle were made using information on diet composition and quality. We hypothesized that dietary overlap between deer and cattle would increase with cattle density and that quality of deer diets would be higher in areas not exposed to cattle than in areas that were stocked with moderate to high cattle densities. Three treatments were delineated in McCurtain County, Oklahoma (heavy cattle stocking), and Howard (moderate to light cattle stocking) and Pike (no cattle stocking) counties, Arkansas. Treatments were similar with respect to soils and vegetation but differed with respect to cattle stocking rate (ie number of cattle/ha). Deer and cattle diets and concentrations of fecal nitrogen (FN) {an index to dietary quality) were determined from feces that were obtained from .12 randomly selected collection areas (4/treatment) from October 1986 to October 1988. Dietary overlap of deer and cattle was highest in winter and lowest in summer. Dietary overlap of deer populations was lowest for populations exposed to heavy cattle stocking and no cattle stocking, which suggested that competition between the deer and cattle occurred in winter. Fecal nitrogen was iowest in deer feces collected from treatments with cattle stocking in February but higher in August and October. Both dietary quality and dietary overlap suggested possible competitive interactions between deer and cattle in winter. However, higher dietary forb and dietary quality for deer in summer exposed to cattle suggested that cattle can facilitate growth of early successional plant species in pine habitats.

9

Fecal nitrogen as an index of dietary nitrogen in two sika deer Cervus nippon populations

67%

Ueno M., Nishimura C., Takahashi H., Kaji K., Saitoh T.

Acta Theriologica

|

2007

|

tom 52

|

nr 2

We tested the reliability of fecal nitrogen (FN) to predict dietary nitrogen (DN) in two sika deerCervus nippon Heude, 1884 populations with greatly differing habitats. One was near the village of Nishiokoppe (area A) and the other was on Nakanoshima Island (area B) in Hokkaido, Japan. To estimate FN, we washed feces through a sieve, and diet was identified based on rumen-content analysis. The diet in area A was mostly composed of grass and legumes of agricultural origin, with browse being only a minor component. In contrast, browse such as deciduous foliage was the main component of the diet in area B. Dietary nitrogen was significantly regressed by FN within specific areas. On the other hand, the DN-FN-relationship had a similar slope but significantly different intercepts between areas. DN-FN-relationships differed between diets with and without an agricultural component, irrespective of browse. Thus, the difference in the DN-FN-relationship between areas was explained by differences in dietary composition. We therefore conclude that FN may be useful in predicting DN in diverse dietary situations regardless of the ratio of browse in the diet of free-ranging ungulates, but that dependence on agricultural pastures may hinder the utility of FN as an index of DN.

Ograniczanie wyników

Assessment of the quality of diet of Alzheimer’s disease individuals living at homes and in nursing homes

Population parameters of indigenous populations of Myocastor coypus: the effect of hunting pressure

Does digestion rate affect diet selection ? A study in Octodon degus, a generalist herbivorous rodent

Seasonal composition and quality of red deer Cervus elaphus diets in northeastern China

Nutritional knowledge, diet quality and breast or lung cancer risk: a case-control study of adults from Warmia and Mazury region in Poland

Palatability and consumption of patty-formulated pollen and pollen substitutes and their effects on honeybee colony performance

Diet quality affects allergic peritonitis in mice

Competition in sympatric white-tailed deer and cattle populations in southern pine forests of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA

Fecal nitrogen as an index of dietary nitrogen in two sika deer Cervus nippon populations