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Calcium and magnesium are known to be necessary for the normal function of various systems in animal and human organisms. There are many diseases caused by abnormal concentration of electrolytes, e.g. arterial hypertension or nervous system diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Mb. Alzheimer or Mb. Parkinson. The mechanisms of homeostasis indicate only the ionized forms of these elements. It is known that ionized calcium serves as an endocellular intermediary in action of enzymes and hormones in cells. Therefore, it is very important to define levels of total and ionized forms of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in blood serum and saliva by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry and to show their diagnostic value for various pathological conditions of a human body. The 39 persons, aged 21 to 47 years take part in these investigations. The results of determinations of calcium and magnesium forms present in human serum and saliva, representing physiological states are presented. The age and daily fluctuations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ content in serum and saliva were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. The levels of non albumin forms of these elements were found by FAAS. The significance of determination of calcium and magnesium levels in serum and saliva under various pathological conditions (arterial hypertension and osteoporosis) was shown.
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Diagnostic value of different serological tests for tuberculosis in Poland

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The aim of the study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of several serological assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in the Polish population. ELISA based assays detecting: 38kDa+LAM - MycoM, MycoA and MycoG, 38kDa - Pathozyme TB complex, 38kDa+16kDa - Pathozyme TB complex plus were used. The humoral immune response was analyzed in a group of 319 TB patients (289 adults and 30 children) and in a control group consisting of 66 sarcoidosis cases, 16 cases of mycobacterial infections other than tuberculosis, 35 lung cancer patients, and 70 healthy volunteers. Among the TB patients, there were 267 cases of pulmonary TB and 52 cases of extrapulmonary TB. Sensitivity varied between 32% (IgM) and 63% (IgA) and increased in culture positive tuberculosis and in chronic cases. Specificity was the highest for the tests based on recombinant antibodies (98%). Sensitivity of the IgG test in extrapulmonary TB was comparable with that in pulmonary TB. Overall, sensitivity of the examined tests was lower in children than in adults, but it varied depending on the age and phase of the disease. We conclude that the ELISA-based tests may be a useful tool for improving the diagnosis of TB, especially in adults and in those countries where the prevalence of culture positive and chronic cases is high.
The workers of an iron foundry were exposed to air pollution, which after some time of exposure results in lung fibrosis among some workers. The diagnosis of pneumoconiosis in workers of an iron foundry is based mainly on the radiological findings among workers exposed to the dust causing lung fibrosis. However, on radiograms many parenchymal structures overlap, which limits sensitivity and specificity to the method. Difficulties in accurate interpretation of conventional radiograms in silicosis also result from their relatively low resolution. The purpose of the present study was to assess the value and usefulness of high resolution computed tomography in the diagnostics of nodular changes in foundry workers' pneumoconiosis, compared to conventional radiography. The study group consisted of 64 iron foundry workers in whom silicosis had been recognized. The average age of the group was 51 years and the mean silica exposure time was 23 years. Chest radiograms with hard X-rays were taken at the maximal inspiration phase. For the HRCT examination the Siemens Somatom ART apparatus was used, equipped with a 512 × 512 pixels reconstruction matrix and a special programme for high resolution algorithm image reconstruction. In our material, consistency of results for conventional radiography and HRCT in revealing the presence of nodules was high. A statistically significant increase in detectability of intralobular nodules and peripheral nodules localized under the pleura was observed. The increase in detectability of cavernous, calcified nodules and those in the upper pulmonary fields obtained from computed tomography, however, was not statistically significant. High resolution computed tomography provides significant additional information in patients with foundry workers' pneumoconiosis.
The aim of this study was to test the potential diagnostic usefulness of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry antigens, ROP2 and ROP4, with respect to toxoplasmosis detection and infection phase distinction in laboratory mouce by determining specific serum IgM and IgG antibodies with the use of indirect ELISA technique. The mice antibody response to ROP antigens was significantly higher in the IgM than in the IgG class with the peak on the turn of acute and latent infection, whereas the response to recombinant SAG1 antigen, used as control, revealed preferential synthesis of IgG antibodies with the highest absorbance values measured during latent toxoplasmosis.
Spinturnix bechsteini Deunff et al., 2004 (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) is reported for the first time from Poland. The usefulness of some morphological features for differentiating S. bechsteini from other spinturnicid mites belonging to the myoti group was studied. The mite fauna occurring on M. bechsteinii, the only host of S. bechsteini, are very poorly known. In Poland only five species have been found.
Secretory ducts and cavities of roots and rhizomes are typical features of the Cardueae tribe in the Asteraceae family. We used light microscopy to analyze the anatomy of the subterranean organs of 21 species of 13 genera of the Cardueae, with particular attention to the secretory system, interpreted in taxonomic terms. The anatomy of secretory ducts varied greatly. A new measurement quotient, C1 [length of epithelial cells (longitudinal section)] and C2 [length of adjacent cells (longitudinal section)] was established. Different types of ducts are described based on type of development and the size ratios among epithelial cells. Detailed anatomical descriptions of the ducts are given, together with their occurrence in particular taxa. The simultaneous presence of various secretory ducts within a single species and their spatial position relative to other prominent anatomical features provide valuable characters for discriminating the studied Cardueae species. These analyses are of particular interest for identification of herbal drugs as, besides chemical analytical techniques such as chromatographic fingerprinting, light microscopy is a common method for purity controls and thus required in official pharmacopeias.
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