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Several methods for simple and efficient chemical synthesis of dolichyl phosphates and their an-alogues and derivatives are briefly summarized with a special emphasis on chemical modifica-tion of phosphoryl group and preparation of dolichyl phosphates labelled at the ω-end and at the γ-isoprene unit of the isoprene chain by fluorescent groups, 2-aminopyridine and 1-aminon-aphtalene residues. Additionally, data on biochemical assays with application of the compounds mentioned above are presented.
In this paper, we present the results of a study on the membrane-active properties of gossypol, its derivatives and their polyvinylpyrrolidone complexes as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and by the fluorescent probe method. The latter revealed the change in polarization of the incident radiation caused by the action of the polyphenol on the artificial membrane lipid matrix.
Weather anomalies are the cause of the more and more frequent occurrence of the rezorcycyklic acid derivatives - zearalenone - in the fodders of the animal origin. This mycotoxine induces in the organism of gilts an oestrus-like condition. According to the latest reports the zearalenone derivatives were found in the human food-stuffs in the retail market. It was considered important to assay the concentration of zearalenone and its derivatives in the standard and therapeutic feeds for dogs. Zearalenone and its derivatives were found in 48 commercial formulations for a total number of 57 brands analysed.
The in vivo effects of some derivatives of aliphatic ketones (2-undecanone, 3-undecanone, 4-undecanone and their derivatives) on L-l sarcoma tumor angiogenesis and VEGF content were studied in Balb/c mice. Mice that inhaled 10% solution of 3-undecanone(3-on) or 1% solution of 2-undecanone propylene acetal (Acpr2) for 3 days after tumor cells implantation, presented lower neovascular response measured by tumor-induced cutaneous angiogenesis test (TIA) and lower tumor VEGF content in 5-days tumors, than non-inhaled controls. Other substances presented various effects on tumor VEGF concentration and angiogenesis. Histological examination of lesions collected from mice inhaled Acpr2, or non-inhaled controls, revealed small diffused areas of necrosis in the former group. In both groups, slight to moderate inflammatory infiltrations were seen at the tumor's margin. In Acpr2 group, there were less small blood vessels at tumor's margin than in the control group.
The study was conducted to identity information as aided factor on price risk management in chosen meat enterprises in the Wielkopolska Region. The data originate come from the survey conducted among 75 out of 274 meat enterprises active in Wielkopolska which fulfilled specific requirements. All enterprises were divided into three-size categories: small, medium and large according to their weekly meat proceeding power1 * *. All meat enterprises were selected from those which: a) received permission for producing and selling meat within Poland, b) fulfilled hygenic and sanitary requirements, c) have enforced HACCP. In the article there are presented and explained three questionnaire questions on (I) main sources of information on price of slaughter, (2) influence of chosen factors establishing final price of meat products, (3) level of knowledge on market price risk managing tools among examined meat enterprises in Wielkopolska. Results lead to conclusion that entrepreneurs act as homo economicus and are keen on decreasing risk of price volatility in the polish meat sector. Unfortunately, meat entrepreneurs do not use the whole spectrum of price risk managing tools. Results show diversity in given answers in the accordance to the size of a company. High and brutal competition among enterprises in the polish meat section force entrepreneurs to produce on an extremely low income margin which influence producers attitudes toward risk and their choice of risk managing tools. To reduce price risk, it is advised to gain more knowledge and implement more diverse usage of price risk managing tools.
Wild berries of the genus Vaccinium have become increasingly popular in human health promotion due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. Some striking divergence of opinion about the content of triterpenoids in these plants still exists, meanwhile, this very large class of natural isoprenoids exhibits a wide range of biological activities and hence is of growing research interest. An investigation of triterpenoidal constituents from the cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaeaL.) plant led to the isolation of two isomeric acids:oleanolic and ursolic and the occurrence of their derivatives in this plant was demonstrated for the first time. Free triterpene acids as well as small amounts of their bound forms (presumable glycosides and glycoside esters) occur in fruits and the vegetative part of the plant, however, in various amounts and different ratios. The total content of both acids was the highest in organs regarded as traditional herbal resources, namely fruits and leaves (1 and 0.6% of dry mass, respectively), whereas it was markedly lower in stems and rhizomes. However, the rhizomes were in turn the plant organ containing relatively the highest amount of the bound forms of both acids (0.01% of dry mass). Ursolic acid was dominant in the whole plant, but the ratio of oleanolic to ursolic acid was significantly different in individual organs, decreasing from the upper (fruits 1:2.4, leaves 1:2) to the lower (stems 1:3.5, rhizomes 1:5.2) parts of the plant. This pattern of distribution of triterpenoids in the plant may have an important physiological and ecological meaning.
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