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1

The identification of fungal species in dead wood of oak

100%
Behnke-Borowczyk J., Wolowska D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria
|
2018
|
tom 17
|
nr 1
2

Impact of the European beaver Castor fiber on deadwood resources in lowland river valley – a case study in Wigry National Park (NE Poland)

100%
Misiukiewicz W., Pietka S., Bielinis E.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2018
|
tom 66
|
nr 3
The impact of the European beaver Castor fiber on deadwood resources near dams on the rivers of Wigry National Park (northeastern Poland) has been analyzed. The river sampling area was subdivided into the flooded zone, scarp and upland. We found that beaver feeding was limited to the flooded zone and the scarp. Within a distance of 40 m of the river, beavers browsed 75% of all deadwood pieces (wood debris, stumps, dead trees). The wood generated via direct browsing by beavers made up 5% (3.29 m³/ha) of the total wood volume and 35% (641 pieces/ha) of the total number of wood pieces in this region. The beavers mostly left small pieces of wood (with a mean diameter of about 4 cm) at an area after feeding. The deadwood volume and number of pieces were significantly different in front and behind the dam only in the flooded zone. The volume of deadwood in front of the dam in the flooded zone was higher by 65% than behind the dam (102 and 62 m³/ha, respectively), and the number of pieces was higher by 75% (2200 and 1200 pieces/ha, respectively). We prove that beavers generate the majority of dead wood indirectly – by flooding a part of the area. This results leads to conclusion that frequent flooding of a given area may lead to limiting the source of deadwood in the long term. We also confirm that through direct browsing, beavers produce small amounts of thin dead wood with less usefulness for other groups of animals, thus in this way beavers are not able to provide high-quality deadwood resources.
3

Dead wood complexity shapes the pattern of the occurrence of threatened saproxylic beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus

100%
Goczal J., Rossa R.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2017
|
tom 65
|
nr 1
Saproxylic beetles are essential for the proper functioning of forest ecosystems. However, intensive forest management has led to the disappearance of suitable microhabitats of many species associated with dead wood. Cucujus cinnaberinus is an endangered saproxylic beetle which develops under the bark of dead wood. The species usually occurs in protected areas, however, some populations inhabit long-term managed forests in Central Europe. In this study, we analyzed the effect of nine silviculture-related and decay-related factors on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection in managed forests. We found that potential sun exposure, bark thickness, dead wood moisture and the hardness of dead wood have a significant effect on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection. The species prefers sun-exposed dead wood with thicker bark at an intermediate stage of decay with undecomposed xylem, but avoids completely dry pieces. Furthermore, we found no confirmation of a direct connection between dead wood diameter and the occurrence of C. cinnaberinus. We stressed that logging residues or stumps are mostly unsuitable for C. cinnaberinus development.
4

Dutch elm disease and the habitat of endangered Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (L.): a conservation paradox?

84%
Bartnik C., Michalcewicz J., Ciach M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2015
|
tom 63
|
nr 3
In central Europe, the endangered Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (L.) has rarely been observed to develop in the wood of elms Ulmus sp.; however, this beetle has recently expanded into habitats formed by elms. The factors driving these changes are unknown in detail, but a potential one is the increasing amount of breeding material, namely, dead elm wood. Dutch elm disease, caused by the fungi Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi, by killing off elm trees, has created a supply of dead wood. The aim of this work was to assess the potential role of Dutch elm disease in the formation of habitats suitable for the endangered Rosalia longicorn. The health of four elm stands (Carpathians, SE Poland) was analysed and the pathogen responsible for elm death were determined by DNA sequence comparison. O. novo-ulmi — the causative agent of Dutch elm disease — was isolated from weakened and dying trees at all studied localities. In total, 30% of the elm trees were dead, 34% showed signs of dieback or were moribund, while some 36% showed no signs of dieback (N = 120). The presence of the Rosalia longicorn was recorded at all four studied localities. The use of elms as a host plant was long-term; dead trees served as a breeding material through the past 11 years. Our results indicate that O. novo-ulmi is playing an important part in the death of elms in Rosalia longicorn localities. Dutch elm disease, due to its wide distribution, may shape suitable habitats for Rosalia longicorn within the species' range. While the chronic nature of the disease contributes to the slow and inexorable death of these trees, it may at the same time be a factor promoting the long-term stability of Rosalia longicorn habitats.
5

Importance of different types of beech dead wood for soil microarthropod fauna

84%
Skubala P., Marzec A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2013
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
Dead wood is an integral part of a forest ecosystem, numerously settled by soil microarthropods (Acari and Collembola), but these animals are rarely studied and often absent from publications dealing with this habitat. Five microarthropod groups in four different types of dead wood (log, stump, snag and tree hollow) and a forest floor were analysed. A core question was to determine the differences in the microarthropod communities, especially oribatid mites, between different types of beech dead wood. The study was carried out in the lowland acidophilus beech forest Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum association. Different types of beech dead wood prove to be a more favourable microhabitat for mites and collembolans than forest soil and litter. Oribatid mites of different dead wood microhabitats represent diverse and partly distinct sub-communities of mites in a forest ecosystem. Oribatid communities of beech dead wood were over 50% distinct. Most oribatid species appeared to be largely restricted to a certain type of beech dead wood.
6

Why the amount of dead wood in Polish forest reserves is so small?

84%
Pasierbek T., Holeksa J., Wilczek Z., Zywiec M.
Nature Conservation
|
2007
|
tom 64
65-71
7

Mycobiota of dead Ulmus glabra wood as breeding material for the endangered Rosalia alpina (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

84%
Bartnik C., Michalcewicz J., Ledwich D., Ciach M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2020
|
tom 68
|
nr 1
8
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The dynamics and structure of dead wood in natural spruce-beech forest stand - a 40 year case study in the Krkonose National Park

67%
Vacek S., Vacek Z., Bilek L., Hejcmanova P., Sticha V., Remes J.
Dendrobiology
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2015
|
tom 73
The study deals with long-term dynamics of snags and fallen dead wood from 1970 to 2010 in an unmanaged forest ecosystem dominated by European beech in the Bažinky area, Krkonoše National Park (Czech Republic). The volume of dead wood was estimated from 1970 separately for fallen dead wood (logs) and standing dead wood (snags and stumps). Total dead wood volume on permanent research plot (PRP) 6 increased from 41.9 to 241.6 m3 ha–1 and on PRP 7 from 27.7 to 170.0 m3 ha–1. During 40 year case study the mean total volume of fallen dead wood was 193.3 m3 ha–1 (± 29.8 S.E.) and 96.2 m3 ha–1 (± 19.4 S.E.) and the mean total volume of standing dead wood was 17.4 m3 ha–1 (± 3.4 S.E.) and 12.6 m3 ha–1(± 1.4 S.E.) on PRP 6 and PRP 7, respectively. Comparing tree species, the mean volume of fallen dead wood was significantly higher for Norway spruce than for beech in the decomposition class 1 (F(1, 14) = 5.7, P = 0.03) and significantly higher for beech in the decomposition classes 4 (F(1, 14) = 20.4, P < 0.001) and 5 (F(1, 14) = 25.5, P < 0.001). Dead wood was distributed from randomly to aggregated spatial pattern. Despite the rapid decay of beech wood, the amounts of deadwood are likely to increase further during the next decades with continuing disintegration of the forest stand.
9

Effects of forest management on three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus distribution in the Bialowieza Forest [NE Poland]: conservation implications

67%
Wesolowski T., Czeszczewik D., Rowinski P.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2005
|
tom 40
|
nr 1
53-60
Distribution of Three-toed Woodpeckers and that of dead wood were mapped in two fragments of the Białowieża National Park (BNP) differing in their management history — primeval (old-growth stands of natural origin, no human intervention) and logged (as the former but subject to 80 years of commercial forestry). Data were collected during the breeding seasons 1999-2001. In the end of April 2000, the whole BNP was systematically searched; playbacks of drumming were used to enhance detection of birds. Presence/absence of Three-toed Woodpeckers and of dead wood (standing and downed Norway spruces and snags of other trees) were recorded within each forest sub-compartments (ca. 28 ha). Data from censuses done in smaller plots in 1975-1999 showed that in the primeval forest the woodpeckers bred twice more frequently in swampy and coniferous forests than in the oak-hornbeam habitat. These preferred habitat types covered larger areas in the logged fragment than in the primeval part (66% vs. 41%). Yet despite this, Three-toed Woodpeckers were recorded there over twice less frequently (14% of 176 sub-compartments) than in the primeval (36% of 164 sub-compartments) part. These differences followed sharp contrasts in the dead wood availability; all but one sub-compartments in the primeval fragment contained some form of dead wood, whereas dead spruces were missing in almost 30% of sub-compartments in the logged part. This was the effect of continuous "sanitary" logging, purposeful removal of dying and dead spruces from the Forest. To restore Three-toed Woodpecker habitats it is necessary to ban removal of dead spruces in the managed part of BNP. However, the BNP area is too small, to assure the long-term survival of the Białowieża Forest population. To achieve this, it is necessary to resign from removal of dying and dead spruces in the whole Polish part of the Białowieża Forest (600 km²). This would create breeding habitat for a maximum 260-320 pairs.
10

Do decaying logs represent habitat islands? Oribatid mite communities in dead wood

67%
Skubala P., Duras M.
Annales Zoologici
|
2008
|
tom 58
|
nr 2
Oribatid mites are a characteristic element of soil fauna, but they are also found in decomposing wood. However, they are often absent from publications dealing with dead wood. A core question of our study was how much the mite fauna differs between dead wood and the forest floor and at different locations on dead wood. Three dead, fallen beech logs (in the third stage of decay) in the “Góra Chełm” Reserve (Jura Krakowsko-Czçstochowska, Silesian province, south Poland) were examined for log-inhabiting species of mites. Samples were collected at seven microhabitats from the logs and the ground surface adjacent to each log was also sampled. Forty-nine oribatid species (44%) were obligate members of the intra-log community. Our study revealed strong differentiation between oribatid fauna in different microhabitats of decaying logs. No statistically significant differences in oribatid communities in beech logs of the same stage of decay were observed. It may be concluded that oribatid mites are using logs as a separate habitat rather than as an extension of the forest floor.
11

Winter abundance of hole-nesting birds in natural and managed woods of Zealand [Denmark]

67%
Bursell J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2002
|
tom 37
|
nr 2
12
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Zastosowanie metod biologii molekularnej do identyfikacji grzybów zasiedlających martwe drewno sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.)

59%
Behnke-Borowczyk J., Cichon J., Wolowska D., Haluszczak M., Baranowska-Wasilewska M.
Zarządzanie Ochroną Przyrody w Lasach
|
2017
|
tom 11
13

Coraz żywsze badania nad martwym drewnem: sprawozdanie z piątej konferencji na temat chrząszczy saproksylicznych [5th Conference on Saproxylic Beetles], Lüneburg [Niemcy] 14-16 czerwca 2008

59%
Oleksa A., Tykarski P.
Wiadomości Entomologiczne
|
2009
|
tom 28
|
nr 4
283-284
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