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In the paper the authors conducted a study on the determination of daily changes in the position of a slender object on example of a power pole. The size of the dynamic deflections was compared to variables of the effect of solar radiation and the wind speed and direction measured during research. To determine these parameters to-date measurements of temperatures on sunny and sheltered side of construction, direction and wind strength were performed. The attempt was made to determine the static deflection in order to compare them to the size of the maximum set forth in the technical standards. The measurement accuracy of the controlled points of the object was compared with values given in the technical instructions. The authors concluded that deformation measurements carried out in serve weather conditions gave more valuable information in terms of an object endurance. The research is the first step in lengthier measurements. The motivation for this paper is need of rebuild of electric high – voltage lines.
Studies were conducted in littoral sand deposits of a eutrophic, deep lake (Lake Mikołajskie, Masurian Lakeland, Poland) in aim to test the hypothesis that epihydroarenal (the most upper layer of sand deposits) may play a role of a refuge from visual predators for rotifers from adjacent water layer. However, a comparison of the daily vertical distribution of the rotifer community structure and densities in microlayers of the lake psammolittoral, i.e. adjacent water layer (5.0–0.0 cm), epihydroarenal (0–0.5 cm) and three microlayers of endohydroarenal (0.5–1.0 cm, 1.0–1.5 cm and 1.5–2.0 cm) revealed a lack of up-and-down vertical migrations of the animals. During day and night hours, both on 5/6 and 11/12 July, rotifers were concentrated in epihydroarenal. In all cases 64 to 85% of rotifer community inhabited this layer, whereas up to 4% occurred in adjacent water layer. Large and permanently renewed food resources (algae and bacteria) in the most upper layer of sand deposits form a very thin layer that can be called “a canteen”. This may explain permanent concentration of rotifers in the layer.
Investigations were carried out in July on leaves of lilac variously situated in the head on the crown. Net photosynthesis was registered from 6 hr to 20 hr. The insolated leaves in the top part of the crown showed maximum photosynthesis between 8 hr and 11 hr, afterwards the intensity of photosynthesis decreasing in spite of the high intensity of irradiation in the midday hours. The insolated leaves located in the lower part of the crown showed maximum photosynthesis at the time of the greatest incident irradiation of the leaf. Shaded leaves, inside the crown, demonstrated the highest net photosynthesis between 8 hr and 15 hr. This amounted to about 20% of the maximum photosynthesis of insolated leaves. Starch was present in the leaves both during the day and night. Before sunrise starch represented 6% of the dry weight of insolated leaves and 3% of the shaded leaves. In the insolated leaves since sunrise its content quickly increased up to 13-14% and remained at a slightly decreasing level till evening hours. Sunset was followed by a rapid decrease in the starch content in the leaves. In the shaded leaves, throughout day, the starch content remained at a constant level (3%). Intensive photosynthesis of the lilac leaves causes a great accumulation of starch in the insolated leaves during the day. It is the main cause of reduction in the intensity of photosynthesis.
In July 2000 the diurnal cycle of analyses was conducted in order to determine variation in the concentrations of nitrogen and calcium compounds as well as dissolved gases in surface microlayers of a shallow coastal barrier lake located at the Baltic Sea coast. Water for analyses was collected in a diurnal cycle for the period of 24 h from lake Dołgie Wielkie. The analyses were conducted on the surface microlayer with a thickness of approx. 100 μm, a layer with a thickness of approx. 250 6m and a layer of subsurface water from a depth of 15 cm. Based on the analyzed data, information was collected on the migration of nitrogen compounds between the analyzed layers. Changes were observed in nitrogen forms reduced to oxidized forms and vice versa.
Przeanalizowano zmiany usłonecznienia rzeczywistego i względnego w przebiegu rocznym i dobowym we Wrocławiu-Swojcu w latach 1961-2006. Porównano wartości i przebiegi izoplet usłonecznienia względnego dla kolejnych dziesięcioleci: 1961-1970, 1971-1980, 1981-1990, 1991-2000 oraz dla pozostałych 6 lat: 2001-2006. Zmiany te powiązano z makroskalowymi zmianami cyrkulacyjnymi dokonującymi się w ostatnich dziesiątkach lat w Europie. Uwypuklono istotne związki z fazami NAO, jako decydujące o kształtowaniu zmian badanych stosunków solarnych.
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