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The cytotoxic activity of petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Cassia roxburghii Linn. against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines resulted with IC50=34.9 and 38.04 μg/ml, respectively, while against HepG-2 showed no activity. A bioassay guided-fractionation approach was conducted to isolate and identify the active cytotoxic principles. Further chromatographic separation and purification of the petroleum ether extract resulted in the isolation of two anthraquinones identified as aloe-emodin acetate and aloe-emodin, along with stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and palmitic acid. The structure elucidation of isolated compounds was performend using 1D, 2D-NMR and HR-MS. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of aloe-emodin acetate and aloe-emodin were evaluated and resulted with IC50=153.30 and 70.02 μg/ml against HCT-116 and with 93.20 and 53.20 μg/ml against MCF-7, respectively, while against HepG-2 showed no activity. Moreover, the antiviral activity of the two isolated anthraquinones was tested against influenza virus-A, and resulted with IC50=10.23 as well as 2.00 and with CC50=1.32 and 0.47 μg/ml, respectively.
Twenty Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical specimens were examined for their cytotoxic activity on four cell lines (HEp-2, Vero, CHO, J774). Most of the isolates were found to be cytotoxic to CHO (70%), Vero (75%) and HEp-2 cells (90%). CHO cells were the most sensitive to cell-free supematants, followed by HEp-2 and Vero cells. Two strains produced cytotonic toxins which caused elongation of CHO cells. Moreover, twelve isolates (60%) revealed cytotoxic potential to macrophage cell line J774. The results indicate that these bacteria may destroy phagocytes and epithelial cells, which may lead to spread within the host.
The aim of the study was chemical analysis of polysaccharide fractions from sporocarps of Sarcodon imbricatus collected in natural sites and from the mycelium of in vitro cultures. Three polysaccharide fractions (FOI, FOII, FOIII) were isolated from sporocarps and two (FKI, FKII) from in vitro cultures. Qualitative analysis by HPLC method showed that they are composed of galactose and fucose (FOI, FKI) or glucose and fucose (FOII, FKII). FOIII fraction of the sporocarps consisted of glucose only. Molecular weights of isolated fractions ranged from 3.8 to 16.3 kDa for fractions from the sporocarps and from 5.8 to 14.7 kDa for that ones isolated from in vitro culture. The total percentage of sugar content for all fractions ranged from 97.8% to 99.1%. The percentage of uronic acids contents in acidic fractions was 2.6% and 2.7% for the FOI and FKI respectively. The work included also an assessment of cytotoxic activity of polysaccharide fractions in relation to tumor cell lines of human breast cancer MCV-7. FOI polysaccharide fraction of the sporocarps inhibited the growth of cancer cells in 50% compared to the control at a concentration of 0.0125%, while the polysaccharide fraction FKI from in vitro cultures inhibited cell growth in a concentration of 0.016%.
Randia dumetorum (family Rubiaceae) is highly reputed ayurvedic medicinal tree commonly known as the Mainphal. A large deciduous thorny shrub grows up to 5 m of height. It occurs almost throughout India up to 1200 m of altitude. It is found in Himalaya from Jammu East ward ascending to 400 m and from Kashmir to East ward up to 1200 m. 11-methylixoside (compound 1), an iridoid glucoside, was isolated from the bark of this plant. The structure was characterized by using spectroscopic methods including 1D-1HNMR,13C-NMR and 2D-NMR (HSQC,HMBC, DQF-COSY) experiments and confirmed by comparison of their NMR data with those from the literature. This compound has been reported for the first time in Randia dumetorum bark. The 11-methylixoside was subjected to cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cell line) and SK-MEL-2 (human skin melanoma cell line), BE(2)C (neuroblastoma cell line derived from human bone marrow) and U87MG (human neuronale glioblastoma (astrozytom) cell line showed appreciable cytotoxic effect with IC50 value 63.10 µg/ml concentration for SK-MEL-2 (human skin melanoma cell line).
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