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Germination of flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum L., cv. Szafir) at 5oC was enhanced by continuous white light, gibberellin A3 (GA3), kinetin and benzylaminopurine. GA3 and kinetin at physiological concentrations (10-8-10-6 M) improved significantly germination in darkness. Stimulatory effect of benzylaminopurine was visible only in the light. Almost no effect of zeatin and isopentenyladenine (2iP) on germination was observed. Possible causes of this differences were suggested.
The procedure of in vitro propagation of Harpagophytum procumbens using shoot tips was developed. Shoot tips were cultured on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) agar medium supplemented with 0.57 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in combination with various cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazurone (TDZ), kinetin or zeatin at four concentrations (2, 4, 6 or 8 µM). The best shoot multiplication rate (11.2 shoots/explant for 5 weeks) was achieved in the presence of 6 µM TDZ. The shoots were small and their elongation on SH medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3 ) was necessary. Shoots of H. procumbens were rooted on full-strength or half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium either with or without auxin. Plantlets were transferred into pots and maintained in the greenhouse. After 1 month, the overall survival of plants was 83% but it decreased to 27% after 6 months.
The study-compared effect of cytokinins on morphogenesis and ploidy of plants regenerated in vitro from explants of ‘Stanola F1’, ATZ and ATM pepper seeds. The aim of defining the morphogenetic potential of the studied genotypes, half-seed explants consisting the proximal part of the hypocotyl and radicle were put onto the MS medium containing BAP (5.0 mg.dm-3), 2iP (2.5 mg.dm-3), ZEA (2.5 mg.dm-3), TDZ (1.5 mg.dm-3), while MS medium without cytokinins constituted the control. After the initiation period, explants were transferred onto the medium without cytokinins. The effect of the growth regulators to the morphogenetic response of explants was estimated based on the number of explants on which adventitious buds and shoots were developing. The cytokinins applied did not show a significant effect on the development of adventitious buds on pepper explants.
The cucumber cotyledon greening bioassay for cytokinins was modified by using 95 % acetone -ethanol in stead of 80 % acetone as ex traction solvent. The cotyledons were ex tracted directly with a 2:1 (v/v) ac e tone-ethanol solution in dark for 24 hours, omitting the homogenization and centrifugation operations of the previous bioassay. The modified bioassay is more convenient and especially use ful in screening cytokinin-active substance from a large number of samples.
The effect of different concentrations and activities of cytokinins on the morphogenesis of regenerated Rhododendron forrestii Balf. f. ex Diels. shoots taken from nodal segments were tested. We evaluated zeatin, zeatin riboside, izopentyladenine, izopentyladenine riboside, kinetin, kinetin riboside, benzylaminopurine, benzylaminopurine riboside. The experimental results were evaluated by mathematical methods and regression analysis describing the effect of isoprenic and aromatic type of cytokinins. On the basis of this modelling, maximum axillary shoot production was attained with medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·l⁻¹ izopentyladenine riboside, 2.0 mg·l⁻¹ benzylaminopurine and 20 g·l⁻¹ sucrose. Minimal axillary shoots were produced with kinetin and kinetin riboside.
In this study, favorable carbon-nitrogen ratio for high yields of gibberellic acid (GA₃) production from Pseudomonas sp. was investigated. First of all, optimum carbon (glucose, maltose, sucrose, fructose, lactose) and nitrogen (KNO₃, NH₄C1, NaNO₃, urea, glycine) sources among the others were chosen. The highest yield of GA₃ productivity was found in growth medium supplemented with fructose (168.5 mg/L). NaNO₃ was found as a suitable nitrogen source (141 mg/L). Then, in order to determine the optimum carbon-nitrogen ratio, different concentrations of carbon (from 50 mM to 150 mM) and nitrogen (from 17 mM to 47 mM) sources were added in culture media. As a result, optimum carbon-nitrogen ratio for GA₃ production from Pseudomonas sp. was found to be 100:17 mM.
In vitro organogenesis was studied using Citrus limon L. Burm cv. ‘Primofiore’ leaf explants. The purpose of the present study was to optimize conditions for callogenesis and organogenesis of C. limon. Explants of C. limon were cultured on 16 different media supplemented with various combinations of plant growth regulators, both auxins and cytokinins, such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and kinetin. The best shoot induction was obtained when the leaf explants were cultured on Murashige & Tucker media supplemented with 3.5 mg·L-1 BAP. Histological investigation revealed most likely the initial phase of development of leaf explants during in vitro regeneration of C. limon. t
The investigation of dormancy release in Aesculus hippocastanum seeds was aimed at estimating the proportion of coat-imposed to embryo dormancy, and studying the growth initiation providing embryo dormancy release. During winter, horse chestnut seeds exhibited 16–17 week-lasting deep dormancy, which predominantly was determined by coat-imposed dormancy. Embryo dormancy lasted for 11–12 weeks of wet cold stratification. Embryo dormancy was weak, even the embryo axes excised from deeply dormant seeds were capable of extending to the size exceeding the axis length in intact seeds at radicle protrusion. Embryo dormancy release manifested itself in gradually increasing growth capacity of both embryo axes and cotyledonary petioles. The growth initiation in horse chestnut seeds occurs only by cell elongation. During growth initiation, a more rapid fresh weight gain was observed in comparison with length increment, thus indicating that accumulation of osmotically active substances and active water uptake by embryo axis cells were ahead of their increasing longitudinal cell wall extensibility. Cell wall loosening appeared to be directly related to embryo dormancy release. The hormonal regulation of embryo dormancy release in horse chestnut seeds is discussed.
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