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Ovarian carcinomas exhibited a higher cathepsin B activity than did normal ovaries. The plasma membrane fractions of ovarian cancers were enriched in the activities of both cathepsin and cysteine proteinase inhibitors. The ratio of cathepsin to the inhibitors in these fractions was higher at stage IV than at stage III of the disease, classified according to the Federation of International Gynecology and Obstetrics.
The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of membrane material and membrane cut off on transport and separation properties of ultrafiltration membranes, as well as verification of the possibility of membrane techniques application for the recovery of bioactive components isolated from chicken eggs. Egg white solutions contain cysteine proteinase inhibitor – cystatin, which can be utilized, in the convenient state in liquid form, in some food and pharmaceutical industries. Commercial membranes made of polyethersulfone (PES) and regenerated cellulose (RC) were used in our experiments. Applied transmembrane pressure (TMP) varied from 0.05 to 0.30 MPa. Membrane filtration process led two step: first – microfiltration (MF) and second – ultrafiltration (UF). Microfiltration, using cross flow technique membranes made from polypropylene with 0.2 μm pores, was used as the first step of cystatin isolation from egg white (initial fractionation of egg white). Liquid products obtained by fractionation of egg white can be used as a partial feeding in the ultrafiltration installation. During ultrafiltration asymmetric membranes were used that were made of polyethersulfone and regenerated cellulose, with cut off of a molecular weight equal to 10, 30, 50 and 100 kDa. Polyethersulfone membrane with cut off 30 kDa was characterised by the highest yield of fractionated products with a high level of remaining specific biological activity. When membrane cut off point was increased specific activity of cystatin was lowered. Liquid fractions of egg white were characterised by high inhibitory activity of cystatin. The efficiency of cysteine proteinase inhibitor – cystatin – separation from egg white varied from 22 to 87%.
Cystatin B gene is a candidate gene for carcass and meat quality traits of pigs and belongs to the family 1 of cysteine proteinase inhibitors. The enzyme is a cathepsin inhibitor and the proteolytic cystatin/cathepsin system plays an important role in the growth and development of muscles.Investigations presented here covered 707 pigs from different genetic groups reared in Poland. The aim of this study was to characterise the polymorphism of the CSTB gene identified with restriction endonuclease: TaqI and PvuII, and to analyse the relation between the CSTB genotypes and carcass traits. All tested animals proved to be monomorphic at the CSTB/TaqI locus. All three possible genotypes were observed with regard to the second CSTB/PvuII locus. In Polish Large White and Polish Landrace pigs the highest frequency was reported for BB homozygotes. The association between CSTB and carcass traits was found only in Polish Landrace pigs for the meat content of carcass, meat content of valuable cuts and weight of the loin.
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