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The aim of the present paper was to find out by in vitro chromosomal aberration test using human lymphocytes whether cysteine has anticlastogenic properties towards a well-known mutagen - mechlorethamine. The lymphocytes tested were obtained from three healthy donors. Two doses of cysteine (1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml) and three doses of mechlorethamine (0.1,0.2 and 0.3 μg m⁻¹) were tested. It was found that cysteine had anticlastogenic properties and that it reduced the number of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations induced by mechlorethamine.
A new methodology for prenylation of thiol compounds has been developed. The approach is based on the use of prenyl sulfates as new reagents for S-prenylation of benzenethiol and cysteamine in aqueous systems. The C10-prenols geraniol and nerol that differ in the configuration (E or Z, correspondingly) of the α-isoprene unit were efficiently O-sulfated in the presence of a pyridine-SO3,complex. The obtained geranyl and neryl sulfates were tested as alkylating agents. These compounds were chosen to reveal the influence of the α-isoprene unit configuration on their alkylation (prenylation) ability. S-Geranyl cysteine was prepared to demonstrate the applicability of this method for prenylation of peptides containing mercapto amino acids.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of addition of L-cysteine to tris-citric acid (TCA) extender on the post-thaw quality of Sahiwal bull semen. For this purpose, two consecutive ejaculates were collected from three Sahiwal bulls using artificial vagina at weekly intervals for a period of three weeks (three replicates). Qualifying semen ejaculates were diluted (50×106 motile spermatozoa ml-1) in TCA extender having L-cysteine either 0.0 (control) or 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mM. Diluted semen was cooled to 4°C for 2 h, equilibrated for 4 h at 4°C, filled in straws at 4°C, kept in liquid nitrogen vapours for 10 min and then stored in the liquid nitrogen. Thawing was performed after 24 h of storage, at 37°C for 30 s. and the sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity were assessed. Higher (P<0.05) sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity were observed using extenders containing 1.0 or 2.0 mM compared to those containing 0.5 or 0.0 mM L-cysteine. It is concluded that addition of L-cysteine (to reach 1.0-2.0 mM) in TCA extender improves the post-thaw quality of Sahiwal bull semen.
Sulfur is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. Plants are able to assimilate inorganic sulfur and incorporate it into organic compounds, while animals rely entirely on organic sources of sulfur. In the last decades sulfate availability in soils has become the major limiting factor for plant production in many countries due to significant reduction of anthropogenic sulfur emission forced by introducing stringent environmental legislation. The sulfur flux after transferring plants from optimal conditions to sulfur deficiency is regulated on multiple levels including transcription, translation and activity of enzymes needed for sulfate assimilation and synthesis of sulfur-containing metabolites. Most of these regulatory steps are not yet fully characterized. Plant responses to sulfur limitation are complex and can be divided into phases depending on the degree of sulfur shortage. The initial responses are limited to adaptations within sulfur metabolic pathway, while multiple metabolic pathways and developmental process are affected when sulfur shortage becomes more severe. The major aim of this work is a comprehensive review of recent progress in understanding the regulation of plant adaptations to sulfur deficit.
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