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This paper presents the results of studies on the influence of soil preparation methods and ways of utilization of logging residues on belowground biomass of 3-year-old Scots pine saplings, after artificial regeneration. Statistically significant correlations were detected between root biomass and soil preparation methods, while there was no significant impact of logging residues management. Furthermore, interaction of methods of soil preparation and various ways of logging residues management also did not affect the belowground biomass of the plants. The greatest biomass was detected on the area where the soil was prepared by ploughing furrows with the LPz-75 plough. On plots where the soil was prepared by scarifying with rotary tiller, the lowest values of belowground biomass were observed.
Forests play a very important role in the process of the carbon cycle in the natural environment and timber harvesting disturbs the natural circulation of this element considerably. Moreover, the way of handling the post clear cutting residues can also influence the accumulation of carbon in the soil. Usually, increased contents of organic carbon in the near-surface layers of mineral forest soils were observed in the first year following the stand removal. The greatest soil carbon enrichment was recorded when branches were ground and mixed with the mineral soil. Considerable variations in the observed contents of organic carbon in the near-surface layer of mineral soils during the first two years after clear cutting and later makes it impossible to indicate the most advantageous method of management of post clear cutting residues.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of soil preparation on height of 3-year-old Scots pine plantation. Three methods of cutting residues management and three methods of soil preparation were analysed. Height structure was determined and mean heights in specific variants were statistically analysed. Conducted analysis showed, that the influence of soil preparation method was much greater than cutting residues management. Statistically significant impact on tree height was found in case of scarifying and mixing of topsoil with rotary tiller, where greatest mean height was observed. Ploughing furrows with LPz-75 plough proved to be the most beneficial method of soil preparation. In this case the greatest heights of 3-year-old Scots pines were measured.
This paper presents the results of studies on the influence of clear-cut site management on survival rate of 3-year-old Scots pine saplings, conducted in the Forest District Bierzwnik in September 2011. Statistical analysis showed, that only the soil cultivation method significantly influences the survival rate on the studied Scots pine plantation. No statistically significant influence of cutting residues management or combined methods of residues management and various variants of soil cultivation was found.
Field studies were carried out on 12 sample plots established in selected pure European fir stands, or stands with predominance of this tree species, in Lesko Forest District (Krosno Forest Region) and Krynica Experimental Forests. In total 200 fir tree-tops (100 in Lesko and 100 in Krynica) were analyzed. All tree-tops were infested by cambio- and xylophagous insects (Cerambycidae - 4 species, Curculionidae - 4, Melandryidae - 1, Siricidae - 1). The mean number of brood galleries per single tree-top was 76 (minimum 5, maximum 245). Cryphalus piceae and Pityphthorus pityographus were characterized by the highest mean indexes of dominance, frequency, and dominance structure. In Lesko Forest District 15 different insect associations (composed of 2-4 species) were found on tree-tops analyzed during this study. The association composed of Cryphalus piceae and Pityophthorus pityographus occurred most frequently (61.5%). It was found that the occurrence of brood galleries of some species depended on the diameter of a tree-top 0.5 m section, and the bark thickness.
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