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The investigations were carried out on suckling piglets, naturally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Starting from the 3rd day, two experimental groups were given intragastrically Lactobacillus acidophilus culture (1 x 10⁸ cells) or Bifidobacterium sp. culture (1 x 10⁸ cells) per day. Cryptosporidium was present in the stomach, microvillus brush border of the jejunum, ileum and colon. These findings were associated with severe atrophy of the villi and mild lymphoid infiltration in the lamina propria. Haematological and biochemical tests in piglets showed significant differences including a reduced haemoglobin level, a decrease in the erythrocyte count, an increase in the haematocrit value, leukocyte count, total protein value and in alkaline phosphates and LDH activity. Bacterial flora was less abundant in piglets receiving Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium; no haemolytic E.coli rods were isolated. After daily administration of the bacteria, the diarrhoea was moderate, lasting up to 2 days, and the number of oocysts in faeces was significantly lower. This suggests that Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. may help to control C. parvum infection in new-born piglets.
The objective of this study was to screen humans and farm animals from the same localities for Cryptosporidium infections. Coprological examinations using Ziehl-Neelsen staining and enzyme immunoassay included 68 faecal specimens from calves, 16 from pigs, 86 from humans (76 from children, 4 from farmers, 6 from laboratory workers) and 4 samples of pigsty litter. Cryptosporidium infections were found in 60 calves and 1 piglet. Morphometric characteristics of the oocysts revealed that most infections were caused by C. parvum while only 2 calves were infected with C. muris. C. parvum oocysts were found in litter materials on two small privately-owned farms. The results of the study showed that despite the possible high level of exposure to C. parvum oocysts excreted by infected calves bred in the cooperative farm no children from the same locality were infected. The children were also free of other intestinal protozoa. Similar results were obtained in the study performed on two small privately-owned farms. Although one piglet was infected with C. parvum on one of the farms and oocysts were found in litter materials on both farms, no farmers were infected.
Cryptosporidium is an intestinal protozoan parasite prevalent in a wide range of mammals. Although it has been recorded in many hosts, its impact on endangered species is poorly understood. Here we present a preliminary study of four populations of the highly threatened spotted souslik (Spermophilus suslicus), living in the westernmost part of the species range. The populations inhabit fragmented habitats and suffer from loss of genetic variation. An IFA test revealed that 35.9% of sampled animals (41/114) was infected with Cryptosporidium and none with Giardia. The prevalence and infection intensity differed among the populations. In areas grazed by cattle it was about 3 folds higher, which suggests a possible transmission route. To the authors best knowledge the present study is the first report of Cryptosporidium infections in S. suslicus.
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