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The procedure of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) is sometime physically stressful and emotional turmoil on the couples undergoing treatment. The male partner is obliged to produce semen for injection/insemination with the oocytes. Unfortunately, some men are ill-fated, not capable to reproduce semen on the day of oocyte pickup.
Ceratopteris thalictroides is a water fern very sensitive to both dehydration and low temperature. This study focuses on the cryopreservation of this species by encapsulation-dehydration technique, in particular on the effects of pre-culture step, alginate bead size and the physical conditions of culture on the cryopreservation efficiency. Encapsulated and non-pre-cultured gametophytes did not survive cooling with liquid nitrogen. When cryopreservation was preceded by a 2-week period of pre-culture, regrowth reached 42.1%. Reduction in the size of the alginate bead, and culture in total darkness resulted in improved gametophyte regrowth capacity (75.5% or 81.7%, respectively). The best results (91.3%) were obtained when all factors tested occurred simultaneously. The gametophytes recovered very quickly and sporophytes were formed within 4 weeks after rewarming. These simple improvements can be used, not only for the cryopreservation of gametophytes in cryptogams but also for some recalcitrant species of seed plants.
Based on previous assessments on stallions, 40 ejaculates of 20 Duroc boars were split and evenly frozen with a conventional vapour freezing method and two directional, drum and directional, prototype methods using commercial extenders and relative standard procedures. The directional prototype was provided with a double internal setup that allowed the positioning of experimental 2ml flat straws with 1 billion sperm (Flat) in a fixed support, or both classical 0.5 ml paillettes with 250 million spermatozoa and flats in a rotating drum designed so as to ensure a more uniform heat exchange. Preliminary tests for individuation of the most appropriate thawing rate showed beneficial effects (P≤0.05) of thawing the sperm at 50°C for 13 s when compared to 42°C for 20 s, in terms of total motility (42.8±8.4% and 35.6±6.8%, respectively). With regard to freezing/packaging methods, major improvements (P≤0.05) were shown for the drum method with paillettes for total motility (38.6±14.2%) assessed immediately after thawing, when compared with the conventional (29.4±13.3%) and the directional methods with flats (30.2±12.8%), and for total motility (P≤0.01) assessed following incubation for 120 min at 37°C after thawing (24.8±11.6%) with respect to the conventional method (15.6±10.9%). Despite the statistical non-significance of results, both the prototype freezing approaches using the experimental flat straw showed some improvements in functional parameters assessed by cytofluorometry when compared to the conventional method.
A simple cryopreservation method described in 1995 by Tselutin et al. was used for freezing the semen of four fancy fowl breeds: White Crested Black Polish (WCBP), Greenleg Partridge (GP),Italian Partridge (IP) and Black Minorca (BP). The differences in quality (ejaculate volume,osmotic pressure, sperm concentration and morphology) of fresh semen between evaluated breeds were observed, as well as the differences in semen freezability. The freezing-thawing process caused significant (P≤0.01) decrease in percentage of live, normal spermatozoa, with coincident increase in percentage of dead spermatozoa and spermatozoa with acrosome defect. In relation to the fresh semen, the number of live, normal spermatozoa that survived cryopreservation procedure constituted 18.1% in WCBP, 25.1% in GP, 26.2% in IP and 33.6% in BM semen.
The milt of individual males of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) was frozen without cryoprotector (at -79°C) or cryopreserved with methanol as the cryoprotector. The activity of arylsulfatase (AS), acid phosphatase (AcP), β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase), and protein concentration was determined. The protein concentration and enzymatic activities in supernatant obtained after cryopreservation were higher than in milt plasma, but they were lower than that in the material obtained after freezing at -79°C. The protein and enzymatic leakage of sterlet spermatozoa was statistically higher in supernatants that had been frozen at-79°C than in those that had undergone cryopreservation. Differences in the protein and AS leakage the Siberian sturgeon supernatants were also observed.
Conventional breeding methods are now supplemented by modern in vitro techniques. However, long term maintenance of cultures has many disadvantages. It incurs risk of loss through microbial contamination, somaclonal variation or human error, but above all the regeneration capacity can decrease gradually during extended maintenance. Cryopreservation as a method of long term storage of biological material without genetic alteration was adapted for embryogenic triticale calli preservation. Callus of both winter and spring genotypes were successfully cryopreserved. The best viability rates (80-85 %) were achieved with 6 weeks old winter genotypes treated with cryoprotective solution containing DMSO. This simple and efficient method of cryopreservation requires no special devices for controlled freezing and can be easily adapted for other cereals.
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