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In the present research an effectiveness of soil fertilisation with lower dosages of nitrogen combined with top supplying with a 10% water solution of carbamide was compared with that of the standard test soil fertilisation (PK + 220kg N/ha). A similar reaction of meadow sward in both cases of nitrogen feeding was observed. Fertilising the soil only with 55 kg of N/ha along with foliar fertilisation caused neither a decrease in the yield nor its quality. The application of the second spray for the second cut did not cause any decrease in yield, however it had positive effect on the content of total protein and crude fibre in the feed. A significant impact of the subsequent years of fertilisation on the combined effect of soil and foliar nitrogen fertilisation with carbamide solution was noted.
Nutritional value of protein in 146 mutants of hulless spring barley was estimated. Evaluation of protein quality was based on the portion of a relative content of protein fractions with different amino acid composition and, therefore, with different nutritional value. The ratio of albumins, globulins and glutelins to hordein, determining nutritional value of protein in the initial genotype was 1.1; in mutants it was within the range of 0.9-1.5. Several mutants with a high protein content and good nutritional value have been distinguished.
The aim of the present study was to assess the physiological response of growing turkeys’ duodenal surface to dietary replacement of a common dietary component – soybean meal (SBM) with a soy protein isolate (SPI), as this treatment was associated with almost complete removal of α-galactosides from the diet (from 2.44 to 0.15%). Additionally, the utilization of selected dietary ingredients upon dietary treatments was recorded. Effects of raffinose-family oligosaccharides were assessed as well in low- and high-fibre dietary environment (3.5 and 5.3% of crude fibre, respectively). This study revealed that the duodenal morphological parameters were differently affected by dietary treatments at different production stages, i.e. at 4 and 8 weeks of life. Although villus height/crypt depth ratio (VCR) was insignificantly decreased by high-α-galactoside treatment in younger 4-week birds, the presence of these oligosaccharides in the diet positively influenced the VCR index in 8-week turkeys. A similar tendency was observed when calcium retention was considered. Different contents of dietary crude fibre affected the physiological action of α-galactosides, including duodenal crypts depth and phosphorus retention in the 4-week birds, as well as duodenal goblet cells number and nitrogen utilization in the older turkeys. A high content of α-galactosides in the diet resulted in increased hydration of intestinal contents, but without a significant decline in the dry matter digestibility and utilization of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. Having in mind the development and physiology of the GIT, it may preliminary be concluded that in later production stages, total withdrawal of soybean α-galactosides from turkeys’ diets does not seem to be nutritionally advisable.
Fieldexperiment with spring rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera f. annua) cultivars Star andLisonne was conductedin the years 1995–1999 at the vicinity of Olsztyn, Poland. The herbicides trifluralin (Triflurotox 250 EC), alachlor + trifluralin (Alatrif 380 EC), metazachlor (Butisan 400 SC) andclopyralid(Lontrel 300) were appliedin spring rape according to recommendations (Zalecenia 1993). The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of the herbicides on glucosinolates content in spring rape seeds. The obtainedresults revealedsignificant effect of meteorological conditions on glucosinolates content. The Star cv. was characterizedby higher level of these compounds in comparison with Lisonne cv. The adequate values were 15.96 µmol g-1 of d.m. and 12.32 µmol g-1 of d.m., respectively. It is evident on the base of the statistical analyses of the obtained results that herbicides modified glucosinolates content in seeds of both cultivars. The level of these compounds was increased as the effect of Triflurotox 250 EC use (data obtainedfrom three years investigations) andAlatrif 380 EC (four years) while Butisan 400 SC activity was unfavourable (four years).
Przedstawiono wyniki badań składu chemicznego makuchu rzepakowego. W pobranych próbkach materiału roślinnego oznaczono zawartość suchej masy, popiołu surowego, zawartość tłuszczu, zawartość azotu ogólnego oraz energii metabolicznej brutto, a także zawartość 26 pierwiastków (makro- i mikroelementy oraz wybrane pierwiastki śladowe, w tym metale ciężkie). Uzyskane dane opracowano statystycznie. Stwierdzono, że makuch rzepakowy jest bogatym źródłem azotu oraz makro- i mikroelementów przydatnych w nawożeniu roślin.
Celem przeprowadzonego trzyletniego eksperymentu była ocena działania herbicydu Starane 250 EC i zróżnicowanego poziomu nawożenia azotowego na plon suchej masy i zawar-tość włókna surowego w runi łąkowej. Doświadczenie założono na łące trwałej w kwietniu 2007 roku w Mazowieckim Centrum Hodowli i Rozrodu Zwierząt (MCHiRZ) w Żelkowie w układzie losowanych bloków w trzech powtórzeniach. Wbadaniach zastosowano dwa czynniki. Pierwszym było zróżnicowane nawożenie azotowe (34% saletra amonowa) w ilości A1 – bez nawozu azotowego, A2 – 90 kg·ha-1, A3 – 180 kg·ha-1 i A4 – 270 kg·ha-1. Drugim był herbicyd Starane 250 EC zastosowany w trzech stężeniach (B1 – bez herbicydu, B2 – 1/2 dawki, B3 –1 dawka, B4 – 3/2 dawki wg instrukcji). Uzyskane wyniki poddano ocenie statystycznej, wykonując analizę wariancji dla doświadczeń dwuczynnikowych. Zróżnicowanie średnich weryfikowano testem Tukey’a przy poziomie istotności p ≤ 0,05. Najwyższe plony uzyskano na obiektach, na których zastosowano największą dawkę nawożenia azotowego bez herbicydu. Zawartość włókna surowego w badanym materiale roślinnym wahała się w granicach od 20,88% do 28,79%, co wskazuje, że pasza uzyskana z obiektów doświadczalnych nie przekraczała dopuszczalnych norm żywie-niowych określonych dla przeżuwaczy.
In 1998-2000, in the area of Olsztyn Lake District, 33 plant communities on seminatural grasslands with a high percentage of Achillea millefolium L. were analyzed. The analyzed objects were located on very light, light, medium and heavy mineral soils. The species composition was evaluated with Braun-Blanquet method. Soil samples were collected for chemicals analyses. In dry matter of Achillea millefolium L. the content of crude protein, crude fibre, crude ash and macroelements was determined. Meadow-pasture communities with high percentage of Achillea millefolium L. in sward are floristically very valuable, particularly those located on light and medium soils. Irrespective of soil type, Achillea millefolium L. was accompanied by Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Heracleum sibiricum and Taraxacum officinale. The heavy soils had a higher content of P, K, Mg, Ca and Na, whereas very light soils contained more humus. Achillea millefolium L. contained 110-121 g⋅kg-1 crude protein, 249- -309 g⋅kg-1 crude fibre and 97-123 g⋅kg-1crude ash, much P, K and Ca irrespective of soil type and much Mg (3.1 g⋅kg-1) on very light soils.
The field experiment was carried out between 1994-1998 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of the Academy of Podlasie, Siedlce on the influence of the means of inoculation with Rhizobium galegae and Nostoc of the Galega orientalis (Lam.) seed variety Gale on the content of dry matter, nitrogen, total protein, ash and crude fiber as well as on the yield of this plant. The climatic conditions during the experiment (1994-1998) were not suitable (very low rainfall) for growing this plant which significantly decreased the yield of the dry mass. The highest yield (10.8 t ha-1) was harvested from the object in which the seeds were inoculated by Rhizobium galegae and Nostoc. Plants harvested from this object also had the highest content of nitrogen (30 g kg-1 d.m.) and total protein (187.5 g kg-1 d.m.). The low content of ash 59 g kg-1 d.m. high in crude fiber (385 g . kg-1 d.m.) were caused by the later than normal harvesting of Galega orientalis.
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