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The synthesis and antitumour and antibacterial activity of coumarin and chromone phosphorohydrazones have been reported. This study describes influence of phosphorohydrazones derivatives of coumarin and chromone on the polymerization and viscosity of fibrin. The fibrin polymerization assay was performed by the Shen and Lorand method and the clot viscosity was measured on the basis of Shen and Lorand and Marchi and coworkers methods. Among the eight compounds tested, one coumarin derivative and two chromone derivatives showed significant activity
Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) has an impressive array of survival techniques, due to which it has become one of the worst weeds. This persistent field darnel is native to Eurasia but has spread to many parts of the world. TLC and HPLC were applied to carry out qualitative and quantitative determination of polyphenols compounds in bindweed, such as coumarins and phenolic acids: free and liberated by acid and alkaline hydrolysis. We identified and confirmed umbelliferone and scopoletin in the coumaries fraction. In the fraction of phenolic acids we noticed the occurrence of protocatechuic, caffeic, chlorogenic, gentisic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxyphenylo- acetic, ferulic, vanillic and salicylic. The caffeic (31.24 mg%), vanillic (5.8 mg%) and protocatechuic (4.62 mg%) acids were found to be the dominant compounds in the analysed plant.
Coumarins are very common biologically active compounds that have been found in nu­merous species of the family Apiaceae. The biological and pharmacological activity of these substances has very interesting properties. Coumarins also play a major role in the plant defence system. The quality and quantity of furano- and piranocoumarins is important for a defensive role in a plant as these compounds form a barier between the environment and plant organs. In order to study the plant defence mechanism it is necessary to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of both furano- and pyranocoumarins. In this paper the studies on the optimum extraction and their influence on the yield of furano- and pyranocoumarins from fruits of the species Peucedanum verticillare are reported. The coumarins were analysed quantitatively by a combined method of SPE and RP-HPLC.
Typical chromatographic methods were successfully applied to isolate nine flavonoid compounds and two coumarin glycosides from the inflorescences and the herb of Hieracium pilosella L. Repeated column chromatography, occasionally paper chromatography and recrystallization made the separation of three flavonoid aglycones and six glycosides - possible. Coumarin glycosides were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography. Subsequent UV, NMR and MS analyses have led to identification of the following flavonoid derivatives: known for the species - apigenin, luteolin, luteolin 7-O- ß-glucopyranoside, luteolin 4’-O-ß-glucopyranoside, isoetin 7-O-ß- -glucopyranoside, isoetin 4’-O-ß-glucuronide and new for the species – kaempferol 3-methyl ether and apigenin 7-O-ß-glucopyranoside. Third isoetin glycoside contained two different sugar moieties: xylose and glucose, probably attached to the hydroxyl groups at C-4’ or C-4’ and C-2’(or 5’) of an aglycone. Umbelliferone 7-O-ß-glucopyranoside (skimmin) and new for the genus Hieracium esculetin 7-O-ß-glucopyranoside (cichoriin) were determined by NMR and MS methods.
Our studies show the influence of coumarins: xanthotoxin and o,o-dimethyl-fraxetin on apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Lymphocytes (derived by ethical protocol) were cultured for 72 h in vivo. The cell cultures were stimulated with xanthotoxin or o,o-dimethyl-fraxetin in various concentrations. Apoptotic cells (compaction and margination of nuclear chromatin, cytoplasmic condensation, membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage) were observed in BX41 fluorescent Olympus microscope and recorded by MultiScan software. We observed the highest induction of apoptosis in cells stimulated with xanthotoxin in doses ≥50 μM in 48-hrs-cultures.
Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, the influence of selected multidrug resistance modulators, both plant-derived compounds and derivatives on the activity of voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.3 was investigated. Twelve compounds with phenolic and terpenic structures were tested: the stilbenes piceatannol (1) and its tetramethoxy (2) and tetracetoxy (3) derivatives, the flavonoids naringenin (4) and its methylated derivatives: naringenin-4',7-dimethylether (5) and naringenin-7-methylether (6), and aromadendrin (7), the coumarins esculetin (8) and scopoletin (9) and ent-abietane diterpenes, helioscopinolide B (10) and its 3ß-acetoxy derivative (11) and helioscopinolide E (12). The studies were performed on a model system with Kv1.3 channels endogenously expressed in human T lymphocytes. Obtained data provide evidence that compounds 2, 5 and 6 applied at 30 µM inhibited the amplitude of recorded currents to 31%, 4% and 29% of its control value, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 3, 4, 7-12 (at 30 µM) and compound 1 (at 40 µM) did not affect significantly the channel activity. These results indicate that some methoxy-derivatives of the tested compounds are effective inhibitors of Kv1.3 channels. Since the inhibition of Kv1.3 channels may inhibit the proliferation of prostate, breast and colon cancer cells expressing these channels, the channel inhibitors may exert an antiproliferative action. This action combined with a simultaneous modulation of the multidrug resistance may be significant for a potential application of these compounds in cancer chemotherapy.
The present investigation was conducted during two successive seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 in order to study the effect of two different sowing times and two macro- and microfoliar fertilizers on yield and chemical composition of Ruta graveolens plants. Delay in sowing from 20 October to 20 November resulted in significant promotion for herb dry weight (g/m2) as well as percentage and yield of essential oil of herb. In contrast, the accumulation of rutin and coumarin contents was higher at the first sowing time than the second one. The main constituent of essential oil in herb was identified as 2-undecanone. It represented 60.74% of identified herb essential oil at first sowing date and decreased to 55.88% at second date. Both foliar fertilizers, Crestalon and Leaf drip, promoted herb dry weight. Leaf drip was more favorable to improve these criteria than Crestalon. In general, the highest content of essential oil, rutin and coumarin were recorded with application of 1000 or 2000 ppm of Leaf drip. The maximum yield of herb and essential oil resulted in plants of the second date of sowing and fertilized with Leaf drip at 2000 ppm.
Celem pracy było omówienie zagrożeń dla zdrowia zwierząt wywołanych przez naturalne substancje szkodliwe, tj. fitotoksyny i mikotoksyny pochodzące z pasz, z uwzględnieniem ich negatywnego wpływu na jakość mleka, a w konsekwencji na zdrowie człowieka. Jako najbardziej szkodliwe związki pochodzące z pasz najczęściej wymieniane są: alkaloidy, glikozydy, saponiny, olejki eteryczne i kwasy organiczne, a także toksyny produkowane przez grzyby pleśniowe. Mniejszą szkodliwością charakteryzują się natomiast: glukozynolany, kumaryny i pochodne furanokumaryny, lektyny, a także fitoestrogeny. Zarówno związki szkodliwe występujące naturalnie w zielonce i w innych paszach objętościowych, jak również mikotoksyny stanowią potencjalne zagrożenie dla zdrowia i życia zwierząt, oddziałując na ich produkcyjność, jak też na jakość surowców, w tym mleka. Największe zagrożenie dla zdrowia zwierząt i ludzi stanowi aflatoksyna B₁ z uwagi na jej udowodnione działanie kancerogenne i mutagenne. Jak wskazują raporty z systemu RASFF, rzadko dochodzi jednak do wystąpienia tego typu zagrożeń. Wynika to z selektywnego pobierania paszy przez zwierzęta, zwłaszcza wypasane, jak również z działań podejmowanych przez hodowców w ramach Dobrych Praktyk Rolniczych.
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